The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in connection with robots and computers: Some of the old worry about A1 (artificial intelligence) were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid (if often unreliable) computation and little or no creative activity, were soon named "electronic brains". A reaction to this terminology quickly followed: To put them in their place, computers were called "high-speed idiots", an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realized the implications of the expression: "high-speed idiot". It has not been pointed out often enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent fife forms on the earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was already a remarkable state of affairs. One consequence from studying the possibility of computer thought was that we we
A. slow and reliable.
B. creative and accurate.
C. large and fast.
D. only capable of additions.
The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in connection with robots and computers: Some of the old worry about A1 (artificial intelligence) were closely linked to the question of whether computers could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid (if often unreliable) computation and little or no creative activity, were soon named "electronic brains". A reaction to this terminology quickly followed: To put them in their place, computers were called "high-speed idiots", an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realized the implications of the expression: "high-speed idiot". It has not been pointed out often enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent fife forms on the earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was already a remarkable state of affairs. One consequence from studying the possibility of computer thought was that we we
A. are terms that are not clear and will never be exactly defined.
B. might come to be better understood because of research into artificial intelligence and computers.
C. have precise biological meanings that refer only to human mental processes.
D. should not be used to describe computers.
The Historical Background of Social Psychology
While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western tradition, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. One reason for the striking upsurge of social psychology in the United States lies in the pragmatic tradition of this country. National emergencies and conditions of social disruption provide special incentive to invent new techniques, and to strike out boldly for solutions to practical social problems. Social psychology began to flourish soon after the First World War. This event, followed by the great depression of the 1930s, by the rise of Hitler, the genocide of Jews, race riots, the Second World War and the atomic threat, stimulated all branches of social science. A special challenge fell to social psychology. The question was asked: How is it possible to preserve the values of freedom and individual rights under condition of mounting soci
A. because its roots are intellectually western in origin.
B. as a direct response to the great depression.
C. to meet the threat of Adolf Hitler and his policy of mass genocide.
D. because of its pragmatic traditions for dealing with social problems.
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