试卷详情
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武汉大学博士研究生入学考试英语真题2013年
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[单项选择]The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation’s "urban" from its "rural" population for the first time. "Urban population" was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants.
Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of "urban" to, take account of the new vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census now included those who lived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50, 000 inhabitants or more. Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large population nucleus, w
A. How cities in the United States began and developed.
B. Solutions to overcrowding in cities.
C. The changing definition of an urban area.
D. How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census.
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[简答题]
Directions: You are to write a composition of no less than 200 words with the following information and do your composition on the ANSWER SHEET, You are to come up with the title for the essay.
Now many people enjoy emails and other people prefer face-to-face conversations. Which is better and why
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[单项选择]There are two ways to create colors in a photograph. One method, called addtive, starts with three basic colors and adds them together to produce some other color. The second method, called subtractive, starts with white light (a mixtu re of all colors in the spectrum) and, by taking away some or all other colors, leaves the one desired.
In the additive method, separate colored lights combine to produce various other colors. The three additive primary colors are green, red and blue (each providing about one third of the wavelengths in the total spectrum). Mixed in varying proportions, they can produce all colors. Green and red light mix to produce yellow; red and blue light mix to produce magenta; green and blue mix to produce cyan. When equal parts of all three of these primary colored beams of light overlap, the mixture appears white to the eye.
In the subtractive process colors are produced when dye (as in paint or color photographic materials) absorbs some wavelengths
A. Judges.
B. Lets through.
C. Dies.
D. Goes over.
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[单项选择]For years pediaticians didn’t worry much about treating hypertension in their patients. After all, kids grow so fast, it’s hard keeping up with their shoe size, let alone their blood pressure. Sure, hypertension in adults places them at greater risk of heart attack and stroke. But nobody likes the idea of starting youngsters on blood-pressure medicine they could wind up taking the rest of their lives. Who knows what previously unheard-of side effects could crop up after five pr six decades of daily use
The rationale has been: kids grow out of so many things, maybe they’ll grow out of this too.
Now, though, comes word that high blood pressure can be destructive even in childhood. According to a recent report in the journal Circulation, 19 of 130 children with high blood pressure developed a dangerous thickening of the heart muscle that, in adults at least, has been linked to heart failure. "No one knows if this pattern holds true for younger patients as well," says Dr. Ste
A. fix
B. clear
C. hinder
D. dismantle
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[单项选择]The idea of humanoid robots is not new. They have been part of the imaginative landscape ever since Karl Capek, a Czech writer, first dreamed them up for his 1921 play "Possum’s Universal Robots". (The word "robot" comes from the Czech word for drugery, robota. ) Since then. Hollywood has produced countless variations on the theme, from the sultry False Myria in Fritz Lang’s silent masterpiece "Metropolis" to the withering C3PO in "Star Wars" and the ruthless assassin of "Terminator". Humanoid robots have walked into our collective subconscious, coloring our views of the future.
But now Japan’s industrial giants are spending billions of yen to make such robots a reality Their new humanoids represent impressive feats of engineering: when Honda introduced Asimo, a four-foot robot that had been in development for some 15 years, it walked so fluidly that its white articulated exterior seemed to conceal a human. Honda continues to make the machine faster, friendlier and more agile
A. the idea of humanoid robots
B. Karl Capek’s creation of robots
C. Hollywood’s production of robot films
D. The origin of and popular movies about robots
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[简答题]Halfway through the semester in his market research course at Roanoke College last fall, only moments after announcing a policy of zero tolerance for cellphone use in the classroom, Prof. Ali Nazemi heard a ring. Then he spotted a young man named Neil Noland fumbling with his phone, trying to turn it off before being caught.
"Nell, can I see that phone" Professor Nazemi said, more in a command than a question. The student surrendered it. Professor Nazemi opened his briefcase, produced a hammer and proceeded to smash the offending device. Throughout the classroom, student faces went ashen.
"How am I going to call my Morn now" Neil asked. As Professor Nazemi refused to answer, a classmate offered, "Dude, you can sue. "
One thing we should be clear about was the episode in his classroom had been plotted and scripted ahead of time, with Nell Noland part of the charade all along. The phone was an extra of his mother’s, its service contract long expired.
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[简答题]中国作为一个发展中国家,面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。然而,我国人口众多,资源向对不足,经济规模越来越大,经济发展与资源和环境之间的矛盾日益突出。环境污染严重,生态状况恶化、资源耗费巨大、回收率低而导致环境破坏等问题,已成为中国经济保持可持续发展的瓶颈。 从国情出发,中国在全面推进现代化的进程中,已将环境保护视为一项基本国策,将实现经济可持续发展视为一项重要战略,同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动,环境恶化的状况基本得到了控制。实践证明,我们协调经济发展与环境保护两者之间关系的做法是行之有效的。人类发展只有合理地利用自然界,与自然界保持和谐关系,才能维持和发展人类所创造的文明,才能与自然界共生共荣、协调发展。中国作为国际社会的成员,在努力保护自己环境的同时,还积极参与国际环保事务,促进国际环保合作,并认真履行国际义务。所有这些都充分表明了中国政府和人民保护全球环境的诚意和决心。
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[单项选择]The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated areas and arid regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.
Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that has been overlooked until recently. Three-quarters of the Earth’s fresh water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1,000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7,659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice caps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.
Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like
A. The movement of glaciers.
B. Icebergs as a source of water.
C. Future water shortages.
D. The future of the world’s rivers.