试卷详情
-
职称英语卫生类A、B、C级综合试卷-45
-
[单项选择]15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder
Social anxiety disorder prevents some 15 million Americans from leading normal social and romantic lives, a new survey finds.
The disorder leaves many isolated, ashamed and often misdiagnosed. Thirty-six percent of those with social anxiety disorder have symptoms for 10 years or more before seeking help, the Anxiety Disorders Association of America reports.
"Social anxiety disorder is when somebody has an intense, persistent and irrational fear of social or performance situations, " Jerilyn Ross, the association’s president and CEO, said during a teleconference Wednesday.
"The condition causes people to avoid common, everyday situations and even other people for fear of being judged or criticized or humiliated or embarrassing themselves, " Ross said.
Social anxiety disorder can interfere with daily routines and job performance, Ross noted. "It also makes it very
A. being left alone
B. leading normal lives
C. embarrassing other people
D. facing social or performance situations
-
[单项选择]Malnutrition
"Much of the sickness and death attributed to the major communicable diseases is in fact caused by malnutrition which makes the body less able to withstand infections when they strike" , said Dr. Hiroshi Nakajima, Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO). in his statement on the first day of the World Food Summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Rome, Italy, from 13 to 17 November, 1996.
"At the same time, " he added, "in developing countries today, malnutrition is the cause of 174 million children under five years of age being underweight, and 230 million being stunted in their growth. Such figures represent deprivation, suffering and wasted human potential on a scale that is unacceptable from every point of view. Whether we think in terms of humanitarian concern, common justice or development needs, they demand a response, both from national governments and from
A. Certain diseases.
B. Malnutrition.
C. Infections.
D. Accidents.
-
[单项选择]IQ-gene
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences, one little fact gets overlooked: no one has identified any genes (other than those that cause retardation) that affect intelligence. So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London’s Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some. They figured that if you want to find a "smart gene," you should look in smart kids. They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early — and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought. "We have, " says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence. "
Plomin’s colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each. all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland. In one group, the average IQ is 103. All the c
A. how much of IQ comes from intelligence
B. how many children inherit genes from parents
C. how much of IQ comes from genes
D. how many children learn by experience
-
[单项选择]DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars — the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally
A. in a fish
B. in a tree
C. in a sheep
D. in a rock
-
[单项选择]A Gay Biologist
Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.
What is it that makes Hamer who he is What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone’s personality Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent. his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.
That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and qui
A. looks, hobbies and character
B. viewpoint on homosexuality
C. unique life-style
D. scientific research work
-
[单项选择]Water Pollution
The demand for freshwater rises continuously as the world’s population grows. From 1940 to 1990, withdrawal of fresh water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other sources has increased fourfold. Of the water consumed each year, 69 percent is used for agriculture, 23 percent for industry, and 8 percent for domestic uses.
Sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides are the main causes of water pollution. In 1995, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that about 37 percent of the country’s lakes and estuaries, and 36 percent of its rivers. are too polluted for basic uses such as fishing or swimming, during all or part of the year. In developing nations, over 95 percent of urban sewage is discharged untreated into rivers and bays, creating a major human health hazard.
Water runoff carries fertilizing chemicals such as phosphates and nitrates from agricult
A. Most water is used for home cooking.
B. Most water is used for farming.
C. Cities use more water than rural areas.
D. America uses 8 percent of the world water resources.
-
[单项选择]Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other
Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.
The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. "The average patient knows their cholesterol, " says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. "The average patient has no idea of their kidney function. "
Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the
A. By cholesterol checks.
B. By urine and blood tests.
C. By keeping a close eye on one’s kidneys.
D. By measuring the volume of urine output. -
[单项选择]Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key AIDS Drug
One of the main weapons to prevent mother-to-child transmission of the AIDS virus during birth is the drug nevirapine. But when nevirapine is used alone just once, HIV starts becoming resistant to it. Research in Botswana shows that the resistance is not long lasting and that this affordable drug does not have to be abandoned forever by infected mothers who have already taken it.
International medical guidelines call for pregnant women with advanced HIV to get a combination of AIDS drugs including nevirapine to prevent passing their infection on to their newborns during delivery. But in poor countries, combinations have been expensive and nevirapine has often been used alone, since studies have shown that a single dose can cut the transmission rate in half.
The problem is that HIV resistance builds against it quickly when used alone just once because other drugs are not present to k
A. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.
B. It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.
C. It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.
D. It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.
-
[单项选择]Education of Students with Vision Impairments
This is specially designed education for children who are either partially sighted or blind. Vision impairments are diagnosed by medical doctors who examine the physical structures in the eye and evaluate the child’s ability to see shapes of different sizes at various distances. In the United States, approximately 12 out of 1,000 children receive some form of special education because of visual impairments.
Partially sighted children may use a variety of adaptive aids to see more clearly and to read printed text. These aids include magnifiers, which may be attached to eyeglasses; electronic systems for enlarging print and making it easier to see; and large-print books. Blind children usually are taught to read Braille, a system of raised dots embossed on paper and read by touch. In the past, turning conventional books into pages of Braille was very time-consuming, and the large books requ
A. cure children of their vision impairments
B. help children see more clearly, read books and so on
C. teach children how to turn Braille into synthesized speech
D. teach children how to use their remaining vision more effectively
-
[单项选择]More about Alzheimer’s Disease
Scientists have developed skin tests that may be used in the future to identify people with Alzheimer’s disease and may ultimately allow physicians to predict who is at risk of getting this neurological disorder.
The only current means of diagnosing the disease in a living patient is a long and expensive series of tests that eliminate every other cause of dementia.
"Since Alois Alzheimer described the disease nearly a century ago, people have been trying to find a way to accurately diagnose it in its early stages, " said Patricia Grady, acting director of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland. "This discovery, if confirmed, could prove a big step forward in our efforts to deal with and understand the disease. "
Alzheimer’s is the single greatest cause of mental deterioration in older people, affecting between 2.5 million and 4 million people in the U
A. cure those with Alzheimer’s disease
B. discover the cause of Alzheimer’s disease
C. predict who might get Alzheimer’s disease
D. find the consequences of Alzheimer’s disease