试卷详情
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中国人民大学英语语言学真题2007年
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[填空题]______ refers to varieties of a language used by individual speakers, with peculiarities of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. In fact, no two speakers speak exactly the same dialect. Each speaker has certain characteristic features of his own in his way of speaking.
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[填空题]Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the ______ it is associated with.
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[填空题]______ can be denied as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.
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[简答题]One famous scholar says that language is an interesting subject to study on its own right, for the simple reason that everybody uses it every day. It is unbelievable that we know very little about something we are so familiar with. Just a few questions will arouse your interest in language. Why should we call the thing we sit on chair Can’t we call chair table and table chair How is it that children don’t seem to make a big effort in learning their first language while we adults have to work very hard to learn a second language Why can we talk about yesterday and last year while cats and dogs never seem to make noises about their past experience Do you think we can think as clearly without language as with language Does language determine what we think or thought determines what we say These questions make us curious about language and linguistics can satisfy our curiosity. To seek the answer to any of these questions is a good reason for studying linguistics.
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[简答题]Explain criterion-referenced and norm-referenced language tests.
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[填空题]According to ______ period hypothesis, in child development there is a period during which language can be acquired more easily than at any other time. The period lasts until puberty (around age 12 or 13 years), and is due to biological development.
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[填空题]One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for "language", which is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking, listening, writing and-reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors.
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[填空题]______ is a type of word-formation by which a shorter word is coined by the deletion of a supposed affix of a longer form already present in the language. For example, the verb edit was formed from editor by dropping the supposed derivational suffix -or.
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[填空题]______ refers to ties and connections which exist within texts. They are also called formal links between sentences and between clauses.
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[填空题]H. P. Grice believes that there is a set of assumptions guiding the conduct of conversation. This is what he calls the Cooperative Principle. According to the maxim of ______: Do not say what you believe to be false or for which you lack evidence. In other words, speak truthfully; do not lie.
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[填空题]Some morphemes like -ish, -ness, -ly, -dis, trans-, un-, are never words by themselves but are always parts of words. These affixes are ______ morphemes.
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[填空题]______ proposes that every speaker knows a set of principles which apply to all languages and also a set of parameters that can vary from one language to another, but only within certain limits.
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[简答题]Explain the seven types of meaning and use examples to illustrate your ideas.