试卷详情
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上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题2008年3月
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[填空题]Today, we’ll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children. Children should be (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: (2) . A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but (5) .
The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers (7) . Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the chil
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[简答题]What today’s global market economy teaches many of us who are involved in political life is that even when they are inconvenient, the laws of economies, like the laws of physics, cannot be repealed for the convenience of governments. The economic principles for national success are as difficult to implement as they are easy to state. There is a paradox in all our countries. Just as a new global economy creates more to look forward to than ever before, it also brings more uncertainty and more change to worry about than ever before.
That is why the challenge of crafting economy policy in your country as in mine is one of balance. A balance between moving toward necessary objectives and maintaining stability. A balance between responding to global realities and upholding domestic traditions. And a balance between the virtues of competition as the best known motivator and driver of success, and the importance of cohesion and cooperation as sources of strength for our societies. Thes
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[单项选择]Historically, TV’s interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spends and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians. ) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.
But with the greening of politics and pop culture from A1 Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there’s no time! The polar ice cap’s going to melt in 15 minutes!")
On HGTV’s Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.-see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs! —while Sundance airs its documentar
A. MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.
B. NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.
C. NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.
D. CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.
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[单项选择]Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.
Dr. Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire’s subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire-blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company’s officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener’s bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden’s apologetic wisps.
This analysis of the growth of the stiff upper lip is an essential stra
A. has been well documented in the history of the British Empire
B. has long been considered significant in the formation and expansion of the British Empire
C. has often been ridiculed in the colonial history of the United Kingdom
D. has long been ignored and considered insignificant in the making of the British Empire
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[单项选择]Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-2005, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-1975 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease-poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005.
Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, wh
A. Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.
B. In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.
C. There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries and the poorest countries.
D. Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the rich and the poor.
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[单项选择]In Idaho’s Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state’s largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.
It’s an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is
A. Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.
B. Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.
C. The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.
D. The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.
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[多项选择]According to legend, King Canute of Denmark facetiously tried to stop the rising tide by simply raising his hand and commanding the waters to roll back. The tide, of course, kept rising. Yet policymakers throughout history have followed Canute’s lead. From Hillary Clinton and John Edwards to Mitt Romney and Arnold Schwarzenegger, politicians across the spectrum have tried or vowed to solve America’s health-care woes by enacting an individual mandate—a law requiring every adult to purchase health insurance. Despite its bipartisan support, the individual mandate is bad policy, a vain attempt to command a better result while doing nothing to achieve it.
Individual mandate supporters typically justify the policy by citing the problem of uncompensated care. When uninsured patients receive health services but don’t pay for them, the rest of us end up footing the bill one way or another. So advocates of insurance mandates contend, plausibly enough, that we should make the free riders pay
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[简答题]What a triumph. Bank shares are rising, the FTSE 100 index is back where it was a week ago, and the queues have evaporated. Not many people are putting new deposits in Northern Rock, but a few are taking a punt on its shares. Order is restored. Actually, that 8o//00 rise in Northern Rock’s share price is very embarrassing for the authorities. It reflects the fact the bank is worth more because its deposits are guaranteed by the Treasury. That looks like a straightforward bail—out for Northern Rock’s shareholders, exactly the outcome the Bank of England has warned would store up trouble for the future.
The Bank is right, of course. If all deposits at all banks were to be guaranteed—which seems to be the implication of the chancellor’s statement—the state is potentially accepting an enormous liability. Worse, an odd incentive is created: managements who are insulated from a run on their bank might be inclined to take wilder risks with the cash. The chancellor and the Bank also kno
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[填空题]According to traditional Cherokee beliefs, we are part of (1) . We don’t (2) with it and we’re not trying to (3) it. We are a part of the Great Life. And within the Great Life, there are three great Laws of Nature, which tell us how we have to live in (4) with everything else. The First Law of Nature is that you don’t take any life without real (5) . So we shouldn’t (6) needlessly. We believe everything is alive, including animals, plants and (7) . And so to us, taking the life of a plant is just as grave a 8( ) as taking the life of an animal. The Second Law is that everything we do should (9) the Great Life. And everything we do (10) the Great Life, and everything that (11) within the Great Life affects us. So it’s very important that what we do will not (12) other parts of the Great Life. The Third Law basically is that we don’t (13) where we
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[多项选择]青浦地区江河纵横,海上贸易自古繁盛。建于唐代作为舟船航行之航标的泖塔,是朱家角日趋繁荣的见证。自上海建县后,朱家角即因利乘便,蔚然兴盛,一跃成为商贾云集、烟火千家的贸易集镇。朱家角之繁华日胜一日,历史文化含蕴也日渐浓厚。
明末清初,朱家角已成为棉布交易中心。后来米业兴起,遂有了“衣被天下,粮油江南”之美誉。伴随着经济的步步繁荣,文化也渐趋多姿多彩。朱家角历来水木清华,文儒辈出。如今,历史已逝,泖塔犹存,随着时代的变迁,朱家角逐渐发展成为雄踞一方的经济、文化中心。
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[简答题]On Feb. 17, 2009, it could snow all across America. Not outside, but in living rooms, on TV sets. That’s the date when broadcasters will switch to digital transmission, rendering millions of standard analog TVs useless. Consumers can avoid this whiteout, but only if they’re prepared. And there’s the challenge: How to inform the roughly 20 million households relying exclusively on analog sets that pull in their reception for free, through rabbit ears or a rooftop antenna. Analog TVs that receive cable or satellite will not be affected.
Consumers who own these sets don’t necessarily need to know why the federal government is mandating the change (to free up the airwaves for other purposes, such as wireless and public safety communications-though added benefits are better pictures and more channels). But they do need consistent and unbiased information on what to do and they need to be able to act on it. With fewer than 18 months to go, though, 56 percent of viewers with analog set
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