试卷详情
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南京航空航天大学硕士研究生入学考试初试基础英语真题2014年
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[简答题]…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending, and unpredictable battle.
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[简答题]her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible.
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[简答题]to those nations who would make themselves our adversary, we offer not a pledge but a request.
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[简答题]Whatisthesmallestunitinmeaningsystemofalanguagethatcanbedistinguishedfromothersmallerunits
A. A.word
B.lexicon
C.lexeme
D.morphem
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[简答题]foreshadow
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[简答题]perspicacious
A. A.clear‐minded
B.clear‐headed
C.clear‐eyed
D.clear‐sighted
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[简答题]phoneme
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[简答题]PassageD
Simile,torefreshmemories,isafavoriterhetoricaldeviceofwritersthatcomparestwoessentiallyunlikethingsthatnonethelesshavesimilarcharacteristics.Thequarterbackwaslikealocomotive.Suigeneris,theLatinphrasemeaninguniqueoroneofakind,isahelpfulrestraintupontheformer.Somethings,eveniftheysharecertaincharacteristics,shouldn’tbecompared.Suigenerisisthebrakingsystemonarhetoricallocomotive,oratleastitshouldbe.Thatwasametaphor,bytheway,andnotaverygoodone.
Weinthenewsbusinesscouldstandtoapplythebrakestoourrunawayimpulseto“similize.”Ipersonallyloveagoodsimile,whichcaninjectlevityintoacolumn.Butlatelywe’veseeninstancesofsimile‐itisthatmighthavesavedreadersandviewerssomeangst,evenifwritersandpunditswereleftwithlesstosay.(Let’sgolightontheairhorns,please.)
Inthepastseveraldays,we’veheardnewspeopleandotherscompareObamacaretoHurricaneKatrinaandIraq.SarahPalincomparedournationaldebttoslavery.Countlesstimesinrecentyearswe’veseen“Nazi”appliedtopeoplewithwhosepoliciesorpoliticswedisa
A. A.Nazis
B.Holocaust
C.Slavery
D.Onslaught
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[简答题]Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.
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[简答题]Science is committed to the universal.
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[简答题]The bacteria of decay then die off, for they must have oxygen to survive. The entire aquatic cycle collapses.
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[简答题]Whichofthefollowingisnotanalveolarconsonantphoneme
A. A./t/
B./s/
C./n/
D.//
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[简答题]The thing takes up an entire city block, and somehow they can’t see it. It’s too implausible.
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[简答题]derelict
A. A.forbidden
B.forsaken
C.forecasted
D.foredoomed
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[简答题]the faint insistent sweetness of drooz may perfume the ways of the city.
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[简答题]Conversationisnotformakingapoint.
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[简答题]New York constantly exasperates, at times exhilarates.
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[简答题]B.Fillineachblankwithaproperwordfromthefollowingbox.Changeitsformifnecessaryandwritedowntherequiredwordontheanswersheet.(10points)
account
commuter
destination
difference
dwarf
fresh
generate
grocery
high‐strung
incomparable
indignity
inevitable
intense
manuscript
passion
quest
restlessness
solidity
spit
whether
ThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewYorkofthemanorwomanwhowasbornhere,whotakesthecityforgrantedandacceptsitssizeanditsturbulenceasnaturaland1.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthe2—thecitythatisdevouredbylocustseachdayand3outeachnight.Third,thereistheNewYorkofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereelseandcametoNewYorkin4ofsomething.Ofthesethreetremblingcitiesthegreatestisthelast—thecityoffinal5,thecitythatisagoal.Itisthisthirdcitythat6forNewYork’s7disposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,andits8achievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidal9;nativesgiveit10andcontinuity;butsettlersgiveit11.
12itisafarmerarrivingfromItalytosetupasmall13st
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[简答题]vivacity
A. A.animadversion
B.animality
C.animation
D.animatism
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[简答题]“It was hot, yet with a sweet languor about it”(Theodore Dreiser).
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[简答题]Generative‐transformationalgrammarcontainstwosetsofrules.Theyare_______.
A. A.phrase‐structure rules and transformational rules
B.generative rules and transformational rules
C.generative rules and phrase‐structure rules
D.syntactic rules and transformational rules
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[简答题]coherence
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[简答题]pejoratively
A. A.peripherally
B.phonetically
C.disparagingly
D.diabolically
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[简答题]The reassessment, which can be very painful, is also very valuable.
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[简答题]PassageA
AnewcomparisonofDNAfrommoderncaninesandancientfossilssuggeststhattoday’spetsaredescendedfromnow‐extinctpopulationsofwolvesinEurope.Theylikelyscavengedbonesfromscrappilesleftbehindbyhunter‐gatherers,sayresearchersintoday’sissueofthejournalScience.
Andtheboldertheanimalsgot,themorefoodtheytook,andthemoreloyaltheybecametohumans,theysay,addingthisprocessofdomesticationlikelybeganasmanyas19,000to32,000yearsago."AllmoderndogshaveaverycloserelationshiptoancientdogsorwolvesfromEurope,"saysleadauthorDr.OlafThalmann,fromtheUniversityofTurkuinFinland.
TheteamanalysedthemitochondrialDNAof18prehistoriccanines—eightdogsand10wolves—andcomparedthistoDNAfromacomprehensivepanelof49wolvesand77dogs,includingBasenjiandDingo,threerecentlypublishedChineseindigenousdogsandfourcoyotes.
TheancientsamplescamefromRussia,Ukraine,CentralEurope,theUnitedStatesandArgentina,saysThalmann.Someweremorethan30,000yearsold.ThemodernDNAfromdogsandwolvesspannedtheglobe,fromIsraeltoChina,Swed
A. A.ispartialbutcomplementarytotheprevioushypothesis.
B.isnotscientificbecausetheresearchmethodologyisproblematic
C.stronglychallengesthe“OutofsouthChina”schemeofdoghistory.
D.isnotconvincing,evenridiculoussinceitoverlookssamplesfromChinaandtheMiddleEast.
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[简答题]WhoisdescribedbyMarkTwainasaboywith"asoundheartandadeformedconscience"
A. A.Tom Sawyer
B.Huckleberry Finn
C.Jim
D.Tony
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[简答题]anomalous
A. A.normal
B.abnormal
C.original
D.aboriginal
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[简答题]theme
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[简答题]ARoseforEmily,writtenby____,recountsthestoryofaneccentricspinsterintheSouthofUSA.
A. A.Katherine Anne Porter
B.William Faulkner
C.Zadie Smith
D.Alice Walker
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[简答题]Fads, I submit, are the very negation of reason.
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[简答题]Theprimarymediumoflanguageis______.
A. A.Speech sound
B.vocabulary
C.discourse
D.Grammar
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[简答题]The bankers and the admen, the marketing specialists and thousand well‐paid ancillary service people set the city’s brittle tone.
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[简答题]Whichofthefollowingisnotabranchofgenerallinguistics
A. A.Phonology
B.Psycholinguistics
C.Syntax
D.Semantics
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[简答题]connotation
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[简答题]government
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[简答题]plot
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[简答题]It is between Admass and Englishness, ailing and impoverished, in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars…
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[简答题]claustrophobia
A. A.Abnormal enjoyment of being in enclosed spaces
B.Abnormal enjoyment of being in open spaces
C.Abnormal fear of being in enclosed spaces
D.Abnormal fear of being in open spaces
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[简答题]_______,the2007NobelPrizeWinnerforLiterature,isaPersian‐born,Rhodesian(nowZimbabwe)‐raisedBritishnovelistwhodiedin2013.
A. A.Doris Lessing
B.Erich Segal
C.Seamus Heaney
D.AugustWilson
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[简答题]morpheme
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[简答题]OntheRoadisarepresentativeworkof____.
A. A.WilliamCarlosWilliams
B.MurielSpark
C.MargretAtwood
D.JackKerouac
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[简答题]obsolescent
A. A.discarded
B.disabused
C.distorted
D.disaccredited
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[简答题]Against this, at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show…
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[简答题]motif
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[简答题]ululate
A. A.lament
B.shriek
C.screech
D.scream
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[简答题]facetiously
A. A.jokingly or jocularly
B.playfully or joyfully
C.painfully or irksomely
D.indignantly or irately
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[简答题]PassageC
Inrecentmonths,scientistshavedescribedanewlayerinthecorneaofthehumaneyeandalong‐overlookedligamentintheknee.
Inourmodernageofimagingandotheradvancedmedicaltechnologies,howisitpossiblethatwestilldon’tknoweverythingthereistoknowaboutouranatomy
Despitealonghistoryoffascinationwiththehumanbody,expertssay,holescontinuetoexistinourknowledgebecauseweareenormouslycomplexcreatures.What’smore,there’salotofvariationfromonepersontothenext.Realityisafarcryfromtheclearandcolourfulpicturesinanatomytextbooks.
Asmedicalstudentsbeginthereverentworkofcadaverdissection,thecomplexitiescanbeoverwhelming."Whenstudentsopenupthebodyforthefirsttime,it’sreallyhard.It’sreallyconfusing,"saysDanielSchmitt,anevolutionaryanthropologistandcoursedirectorforhumangrossanatomyatDukeUniversity,NorthCarolina.
"It’slikegettingupclosetoapointillistpaintingwhereyoujustseedots,"hesays."It’slikegoingtoanewcity,anewcountry,anewworld.Theyjusthaven’tanticipatedwhatit’sgoingtobelike.It’sbeau
A. A.Human Variation is Remarkable
B.A Ground-breaking Finding of Human Organs
C.How Many Human Body Parts Remain Undiscovered
D.Good News for the Patient who Suffered from Knee Ache
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[简答题]Especially was this true of the college contingent, whose idealism had led them to enlist early and who dad generally seen a considerable amount of action.
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[简答题]exuberance
A. A.shortage
B.scarcity
C.luxury
D.luxuriance
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[简答题]lateralization
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[简答题]The general reaction to the apparent end of the era of cheap fossil fuel, as to other readily foreseeable curtailments, has been to delay any sort of reckoning.
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[简答题]The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable.
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[简答题]PassageB
By2050,forthefirsttimeinhistory,therewillbemorepeopleintheworldoverage65thanunderage14.TheGlobalCityIndicatorsFacility(GCIF)inTorontohaspartneredwithPhilipsintheNetherlandstoreleaseanewreportonCitiesandAging.Thispolicysnapshotoutlinesstrategiesforaddressingtheneedsofouragingurbanpopulation,andshowshowinternationallystandardizedindicatorsof“age‐friendlycities”canbeusedtobenchmarkandpredictscenariosforbetter‐informeddecision‐making.Thereport,andGCIF’songoingresearch,willinformandguidecityleadersonhowtobetterconfrontthechallengesassociatedwithanagingpopulation.
Globally,peopleovertheageof65willincreaseby183percentby2050.InpartsofAfrica,theincreaseisastartling366percent.Atthesametime,urbanizationhasbecomeadefiningphenomenonofthe21stcentury,anditisprojectedthat70percentoftheworld’spopulationwillliveincities.Giventhesetwocriticalpopulationshifts,thisrapidlyagingworldsignifiesrapidlyagingcities.
Municipalpolicydecisionsarebecomingincreasinglyvitaltothestateofthewor
A. A.we should take the accessibility of care facilities and health services into consideration.
B.the government has to prolong the working time of the old who are expected to retire later.
C.the young have many more old people to take care of and their happiness index will decrease.
D.the developing speed of our economy will slow down for the lack of efficient labors.
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[简答题]turnhisbackontheEiffelTowerasaprotestagainstthearchitecturalblasphemy…
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[简答题]Whoistheauthorofthework:"TheGrapesofWrath"
A. A.John Steinbeck
B.Eugene O’Neil
C.F. Scott Fitzgerald
D.Theodore Dreiser
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[简答题]A.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithasuitablewordinitsproperformandwritedowntherequiredwordontheanswersheet.(10points)
Packagingisanimportantformofadvertising.Apackagecansometimesmotivatepeopletobuya1.Forexample,asmallchildmightaskforabreakfastfoodthat2inaboxwithapictureofaTV3.Thechildismoreinterestedinthe4thaninthebreakfastfood.Picturesforchildrentocolor5cutout,gamesprintedona6,orsmallgiftsinsideaboxalso7manychildrentobuyproducts—ortoasktheirparentsforthem.
Somepackagessuggestthatabuyerwillgetsomethingfor8.Foodproductssoldinreusablecontainers9examplesofthis.Althoughasimilarproductinaplain10mightcostless,peopleoftenpreferto11theproductinareusableglassordish,12theybelievethecontainerisfree.13,thecostofthecontainerisadded14thecostoftheproduct.
The15ofapackagealsomotivatesabuyer.Thissuggeststhatthelargesizehasthemostproductfortheleast16.Butthatisnotalwaystrue.Abuyerhastofindout17theproductissoldandthepriceofthebasicunit.
Theinformationonthepackageshouldprovidesomeans