试卷详情
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职称英语卫生类A级真题2013年
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[单项选择]第二篇DNA Fingerprinting
DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands of DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings (as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is unique.
DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is constructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars — the DNA fingerprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person.
DNA fingerprinting was first developed as an identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it
A. the same.
B. unique.
C. different.
D. similar.
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[单项选择]The rules are too (rigid) to allow for humane error.
A. inflexible
B. general
C. complex
D. direct
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[单项选择]Toads are Arthritic and in Pain
Arthritis is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads, a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. 46.
The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 193S in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometers. 47. A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.
The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and
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[单项选择]Come out, or I’ll (bust) the door down.
A. shut
B. set
C. beat
D. break
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[单项选择]Organic Food: Why
1. Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. So what is the attraction of organic food for some people The really important thing is that organic sounds more “natural”. Eating organic is a way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-eating masses.
2. Unlike conventional farming, the organic approach means farming with natural rather than man-made, fertilisers and pesticides. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. As a method of food production, organic is, however, inefficient in its use of labour and land; there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. Also, the environmental benefits of not using artificial fertiliser are tiny compared with the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by transporting food.
3. Organic farming is often claimed to be safer than con
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[单项选择]She (shed) a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.
A. wiped
B. injected
C. removed
D. produced
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[单项选择]Three world-class tennis players came to (contend) for this title.
A. argue
B. compete
C. claim
D. wish
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[单项选择]Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.
A. moral
B. regular
C. fundamental
D. hard
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[单项选择]The methods of communication used during the war were (primitive).
A. reliable
B. effective
C. simple
D. alternative
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[单项选择]Many experts remain (skeptical) about his claims.
A. untouched
B. certain
C. doubtful
D. silent
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[单项选择]The contract between the two companies will (expire) soon.
A. end
B. shorten
C. start
D. resume
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[单项选择]In Your Face
Why is this man so angry We don’t know the reason, but we can see the emotion in his face. Whatever culture you come from, you can expressing.
Forty years ago, psychologist Paul Ekman of the University of California, San Francisco, became interested in how people’s faces show their feelings. He took photographs of Americans expressing various emotions. Then he showed them to the Fore people, who live in the jungle in New Guinea. Most of the Fore had never seen foreign faces, but they easily understood Americans’ expressions of anger, happiness, sadness, disgust, fear, and surprise.
Then Ekman did the same experiment in reverse. He showed pictures of Fore faces to Americans, and the results were similar. Americans had no problems reading the emotions on the Fore people’s faces. Ekman’s research gave powerful support to the theory that facial expressions for basic emotions are the same everywhere. He did more research in Japan, Brazil, and Argentina, and got the same res
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
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[单项选择]Rumors began to (circulate) about his financial problems.
A. send
B. hear
C. confirm
D. spread
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[单项选择]They didn’t seem to appreciate the (magnitude) of the problem.
A. existence
B. importance
C. cause
D. situation
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[单项选择]The tower remains (intact) even after two hundred years.
A. unknown
B. unusual
C. undamaged
D. unstable
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[单项选择]The proposal was (endorsed) by the majority of members.
A. approved
B. rejected
C. submitted
D. considered
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[单项选择]This species has nearly (died out) because its habitat is being destroyed.
A. turned dead
B. passed by
C. become extinct
D. carried away
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[单项选择]第三篇On the Trail of the Honey Badgers
On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.
“The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as
A. To find where honey badgers live.
B. To observe how honey badgers behave.
C. To catch some honey badgers for food.
D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.
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[单项选择]第一篇Why Don’t Babies Talk Like Adults
Over the past half-century, scientists have settled on two reasonable theories related to baby talk. One states that a young child’s brain needs time to master language, in the same way that it does to master other abilities such as physical movement. The second theory states that a child’s vocabulary level is the key factor. According to this theory, some key steps have to occur in a logical sequence before sentence formation occurs. Children’s mathematical knowledge develops in the same way.
In 2007, researchers at Harvard University, who were studying the two theories, found a clever way to test them. More than 20,000 internationally adopted children enter the U.S. each year. Many of them no longer hear their birth language after they arrive, and they must learn English more or less the same way infants do 一that is, by listening and by trial and error. International adoptees don’t take classes or use a dictionary when they are learning their n
A. To reject the view that adopted children need two languages.
B. To argue that culture affects the way children learn a language.
C. To give reasons why adopted children were used in the study.
D. To justify a particular approach to language learning.
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[单项选择]The police will need to keep a (wary) eye on this area of town.
A. naked
B. cautious
C. blind
D. private
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[单项选择]Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack
German researchers have come up with a new generation of defibrillators (除颤器) and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater_________(51) from sudden death from cardiac arrest (心脏停搏).
In Germany alone, around 100,000 people die annually_________ (52) a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases are caused by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at_________ (53) are patients who have already suffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in _________ (54) life-threatening disruptions to heart rhythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds. These devices_________(55) on a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker(起搏器)
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator _________ (56) of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG,心电图)within the body. This integrated syste
A. service
B. discount
C. protection
D. advice
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[单项选择]The drinking water has become (contaminated) with lead.
A. treated
B. tested
C. corrupted
D. polluted