Passage One
In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala(扁桃体).
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation- I think this charging dog wants to bite me-- end triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, ju
A. the biological process in which human beings' sense of self-defense evolves
B. the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger
C. the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision
D. the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information
Passage One
In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body's system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so-called fight-or-flight response. "An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive," says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats. At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala(扁桃体).
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation- I think this charging dog wants to bite me-- end triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, ju
A. reactions of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable
B. memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress
C. people's unpleasant memories are derived from. their feelings of fear
D. the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential danger
Passage Two The difference between biological and physical science is not that one is inexact, the other exact, but in degree of exactness, this being related to the number of variables which must be dealt with simultaneously and the extent to which they can be controlled. In general, the biological sciences must deal with larger errors than the physical sciences; but this is not uniformly true, as the student will realize when he considers the accuracy of meteorological prediction or if he comprehends the meaning of the fact that the structural engineer considers it necessary very often to use a safety factor of two or three hundred per cent. The statistical principles of dealing with error of measurement, or in prediction and generalization, are the same whether the errors are large or small. Statistics is not a means of confusing issues that would otherwise be clear, nor a substitute for obtaining clear answers, but a means of checking and controlling conclusions by pro
A. It is becoming more accurate.
B. It is more accurate than the biological sciences.
C. It is more accurate than some of the measurements of structural engineers.
D. It is relatively inaccurate.
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