[单项选择]A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cor pulmonale is being prepared for discharge. The nurse should provide which instructions
A. "Weigh yourself daily and report a loss of 1 lb in 1 day. "
B. "Eat a high-sodium diet. "
C. "Weigh yourself daily and report a gain of 2 lb in 1 day. "
D. "Maintain bedrest. "

[单项选择]The nurse provides care for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Administering high doses of oxygen may produce what result ？（）
A. Increased respiratory drive.
B. Diminished respiratory drive.
C. A mismatch between ventilation and perfusion.
D. A profound decrease in partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO₂).

[单项选择]The nurse is teaching a client with chronic bronchitis about breathing exercises. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching
A. Make inhalation longer than exhalation.
B. Exhale through an open mouth.
C. Use diaphragmatic breathing.
D. Use chest breathing.

[单项选择]A 72-year-old client seeks help for chronic constipation. This is a common problem for elderly clients due to several factors related to aging. Which of the following is one such factor ？（）
A. Increased intestinal motility.
B. Decreased abdominal strength.
C. Increased intestinal bacteria.
D. Decreased production of hydrochloric acid.

[单项选择]

Text 4 Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the great disparity between the native population of America in 1492--new estimates of which jump as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human race at that time—and the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the sharp decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically almost defenseless. That virgin-soil epidemics were important in American history is strongly indicated by evidence that a number of dangerous maladies—smallpox, measles, malaria, yellow fever, and undoubtedly several more—were unknown in
A. could scarcely ward off the fatal attack by the 1952 epidemic.
B. were immunologically defenseless against measles.
C. were the last native people to be struck by a virgin-soil epidemic;
D. did not come into frequent contact with White Americans until the 20th century.

[单项选择]

Eating too much fat can distribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（）

A. attribute to
B. attend to
C. devote to
D. contribute to

[单项选择]The fall in the number of deaths from heart disease is generally ______ improvements in diet.
A. attributed to
B. adjusted to
C. adapted to
D. accustomed to

[单项选择]This area has been free from Foot-and-Mouth Disease ( ) two years.
A. for
B. in
C. after
D. before

[单项选择]The chronic state of affairs at that time was war between states and civil wars within a nation.
A. slow-moving
B. gradually-weakening
C. long-lasting
D. easy-going

[单项选择]Which of the following is NOT true of chronic diseases in the U. S.
A. They account for 70% of all deaths.
B. They are responsible for most of the health care costs.
C. They often result in unhealthy lifestyles.
D. They are largely preventable.

[单项选择]The "chronic reference doses" (in boldface in Paragraph 3) refer to ______.