There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modern game was invented by Abner Doubleday, a West Point cadet, at Cooperstown, N.Y., in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened at Cooperstown to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called base ball. Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country—town ball, rounders, or one old cat. Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game. Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine-player
A. Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday.
B. Baseball, as played in the early 19th century, differed very little from today's game.
C. As early as the 1700s, English boys played a game called "baseball".
D. The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century.
D
Sharks are fish. There are about 350 species of sharks. The smallest sharks are only 12. 5 cm long. The largest, the whale shark, is the world’s largest fish. It grows to about 1Sm long.
Sharks are different from other fish. For example, other fish have skeletons made of hard bones. Sharks have skeletons made of cartilage. In addition, most fish have a special organ called a swim bladder to stop them from sinking but sharks do not. If a shark does not swim constantly, it sinks. Shark babies grow inside eggs. The baby sharks are called pups.
Most sharks eat fish. Some also eat seals and other sharks. Many people are afraid of sharks be cause of their reputation as’ man-eaters’. However, there are fewer than one hundred shark attacks on humans in the world each year.
Humans are the sharks’ worst enemies. Fishermen kill them because of their valuable dorsal fins. Often, they catch a shark, cut off its fin and throw it
A. more than one million sharks are killed by humans every year
B. there are fewer than one hundred shark attacks on humans in the world each year
C. many people are afraid of sharks
D. most sharks eat fish and seals and other sharks
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