Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy" (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achiev
A. oversimplified
B. misleading
C. wrong
D. unclear
Conventional wisdom about conflict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apathy" (冷漠) and stagnation (呆滞). Too much conflict leads to divisiveness (分裂) and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way.
Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwenk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit-seeking organizations and others for not-for-profit organizations.
Somewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-making than might be achiev
A. the advantages and disadvantages of conflict
B. the difficulty in determining the optimal level of conflict
C. the complexity of defining the roles of conflict
D. the real value of conflict
All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply (21) to all of us (22) the covers of books — but we must know how to avail ourselves (23) this treasure and how to get (24) from it. The most (25) people all over the world, are (26) who have never discovered how (27) it is to read good books.
I am very interested in people, in meeting them and (28) about them. Some of the most (29) people I’ve met existed only in a writer’s imagination, then (30) the pages of his book, and then, again, in my imagination. I’ve found in books new friends, new societies, new words.
If I am interested in people, others are interested not so much in who (31) in how. Who in the books includes everybody from science-fiction superman two hundered centuries in the future all the way back to the first (32) in history; h
A. fun
B. funny
C. uninteresting
D. exhausting
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