Passage 5
In the seventeenth century, European soldiers who came across some Indian groups in the western Great Lakes found that several native tribes were living in the area without a formal leadership system. They appeared to be "quite friendly with each other without a formal authority!"
Not only did the Indians appear to lack a formal system of authority, but they also deeply hated any efforts to control their actions. All members of the tribes knew what was required of them by life long familiarity with the tasks of the area. These tasks tended to be simple, since the Indian’ s rate of social change was slow. Thus, although subgroups such as soldiers had recognized leaders, no real authority was required. Rather than giving direct orders (which were considered rough), members of the tribes would a- rouse others to action by examples.
It would be difficult, if not impossible, to carry out such a system in our own society. Most of
A. a recognized authority
B. enough money
C. examples
D. changes
Many presidents of the century-old Nanjing Normal University (NJNU) have put forward insightful and inspiring education theories and practices, which have had a far- reaching impact on China’s education history.
Jiang Qian and Guo Bingwen proposed a school-running principle that advocated the balance between versatility and specialization, liberal arts and sciences.
Tao Xingzhi, a well-known educator, carried out many important reforms in the university. For the first time in China, he advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers and opened adult training classes in summer vacations.
Wu Yifang, China’s first woman university president, emphasized normal education, regarding it as the parent engine and heavy industry of education.
Chen Heqin established a Chinese-style and scientific theory for modern education for children.
There have also been many noted scholars and artists.
Educator Xu Yangqiu was one of China&r
A. Xu Yangqiu.
B. Wu Yifang.
C. Tao Xingzhi.
D. Chen Heqin.
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