Passage 4
A hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically "proved" by economists that the laws of society make it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. Today, hardly anybody would dare to voice the principle. It is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the law of nature or by those of society. The opinions are outdated, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility. In all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of subsistence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. I would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, in other words, one can claim this substance minimum without having to have any "reason". I would suggest, however, that it should be li
A. provide benefits for the old, sick and unemployed
B. encourage people to take on more social obligations
C. guarantee everybody the right to be employed
D. provide everyone the right to a minimum subsistence for a certain period
Passage Two
A hundred years ago, the game we now call football did not exist. American football started during a game between two colleges. The teams had got together to play what they called "football", but each team played by different rules. One team played what we now call soccer. The other played what we now call rugby (橄榄球).
Both games had been invented a thousand years before. In the first kind of football game ever played, all the men from one village tried to kick a ball into another village. The men of the second village tried to kick the ball into the first. Hundreds of people joined in, running everywhere, running crops and knocking down fences. In time, people agreed on some rules to keep order, but many roles were left open to change. Different rules developed in different places.
When the two colleges met to play football, each followed its own rules. They mixed the games together and invented a new game. A hundred years lat
A. the rules of soccer
B. the rules of rugby
C. different rules
D. college rules
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