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What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and reduction. Most psychologists deal with generalization. They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws. For instance most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning. Presumably, the person was frightened earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response--fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cells. A molecular biologist would "explain" thes
A. A child chokes on a fishbone and as an adolescent is reluctant to eat fish.
B. A person feels lonely and after a while buys a dog for companionship.
C. A child studies science in school and later grows up to become a teacher.
D. A person hears that a snowstorm is predicted and that evening is afraid to drive hom