Passage 4
Researchers have recently found a connection between disease and stressful situations. To test this theory, psychologists are trying to find a link between the brain and the immune system.
The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. There- fore, whether or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how well our immune system works. Biologists used to think that the immune system was a separate, independent part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.
Although many doctors in the past suspected a connection between emotional factor and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered how the brain and the immune sys- tem function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result,
A. Unhappiness may cause disease.
B. Drinking alcohol may cause damage to the immune system.
C. too much sorrow is harmful to the immune system.
D. Psychological stress leads naturally to the damage of the immune system.
Passage 4
Researchers have recently found a connection between disease and stressful situations. To test this theory, psychologists are trying to find a link between the brain and the immune system.
The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. There- fore, whether or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how well our immune system works. Biologists used to think that the immune system was a separate, independent part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.
Although many doctors in the past suspected a connection between emotional factor and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered how the brain and the immune sys- tem function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result,
A. life in the school was very stressful
B. disease could be caused by psychological factors
C. the good students were likely to fall ill
D. stress often made students unhappy
Passage Two
Have you ever been startled by a loud noise or by someone appearing suddenly behind you on dark night or by a snake in the grass Do you remember the sudden, tight feeling in your chest, the way your heart started go pound, the way you seemed to breathe more rapidly Such reactions occurred because you were frightened. Your brain sent a signal to the special gland (腺) in your body caned the adrenal (肾上的) gland. Other parts of your body were involved, too, but the adrenal gland has a very special function.
The adrenal gland is located on top of your kidney. Since you have two kidneys. You also have two adrenal glands. Each adrenal gland is divided into two parts: a cortex(外皮) and a medulla (髓质). The cortex forms the outer shell; the medulla forms the central core. Both the cortex and the medulla secrete (分泌) hormones, but they have different functions.
The cortex produces more than forty different chemical compounds and hormones. All these
A. The adrenal gland is located on top of the kidney.
B. Each kidney is composed of two adrenal glands.
C. The medulla is inside the cortex.
D. The cortex and the medulla have different functions.
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