更多"Experts have long pointed out that "的相关试题:
[单项选择]Neuroscientists have long understood that the brain can rewire itself in response to experience—a phenomenon known as neuroplasticity. But until recently, they didn"t know what causes gray matter to become plastic, to begin changing. Breakthrough research by a team at MIT"s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory has documented one type of environmental feedback that triggers plasticity: success. Equally important and somewhat surprising: Its opposite, failure, has no impact. Earl Miller, the lead researcher on the study, says understanding the link to environmental feedback is crucial to improving how people teach and motivate because it"s a big part of how we learn. But we absorb more from success than from failure, according to the study. Miller"s researchers gave monkeys a simple learning task: They presented one of two pictures. If it was Picture A, the monkeys were supposed to look to the left; if Picture B, to the right. When the monkeys looked in the correct direction, they were rewarded with a drop of juice. All the while the team recorded brain function. "Neurons(cells specialized to conduct nerve impulses)in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, where the brain tracks success and failure, sharpened their tuning after success," says Miller. What"s more, those changes lingered for several seconds, making brain activity more efficient the next time the monkey did the task. Thereafter, each success was processed more efficiently. That is, the monkey had learned. "But after failure," Miller points out, "there was little change in brain activity." In other words, the brain didn"t store any information about what went wrong and use it the next time. The monkey just tried, tried again. Miller says this means that on a neurological level, success is actually a lot more informative than failure. If you get a reward, the brain remembers what it did right. But with failure(unless there is a clear negative consequence, like the shock a child feels when she sticks something in an electrical outlet), the brain isn"t sure what to store, so it doesn"t change at all. Does this research confirm the management tenet of focusing on your—and your team"s—strengths and successes Miller cautions against making too tidy a connection between his findings and an environment like the workplace, but he offers this suggestion: "Maybe the lesson is to know that the brain will learn from success, and you don"t need to dwell on that. You need to pay more attention to failures and challenge why you fail."Which of the following is true of Earl Miller"s research
A. It discovers neuroplasticity.
B. It is the first study of this kind.
C. It studies one environmental feedback.
D. It attests to one cause of neuroplasticity.
[单项选择]What social scientists have long felt puzzled about
A. The mortality rate can not be predicted.
B. The death toll remained stable year after year.
C. A quota for each type of death has not come into being.
D. People lost their lives every year for this or that reason.
[单项选择]The social scientists have long felt confused about the fact that______.
A. 2,500 people accidentally commit suicide every year
B. the death rates remained stable year after year
C. a quota for each type of death has not established
D. people lost their lives every year for this or that reason
[单项选择]
Text 2
Scientists have long warned that some level of global warming is a done deal—due in large part to heat-trapping greenhouse gases humans already have pumped skyward. Now, however, researchers are fleshing out how much future warming and sea-level rise the world has triggered. The implicit message: "We can’t stop this, so how do we live with it" says Thomas Wigley, a climate researcher at NCAR.
One group, led by Gerald Meehl at NCAR, used two state-of-the-art climate models to explore what could happen if the world had held atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases steady since 2000. The results: Even if the world had slammed on the brakes five years ago, global average temperatures would rise by about 1 degree Fahrenheit by the end of the 21st century. Sea levels would rise by another 4 inches over 20th-century increases. Rising sea-levels would continue well beyond 2100, even without adding water from melting glaciers and i
A. call on people to prevent global warming.
B. present the results from two research models.
C. appeal to people to take adaptation as priority.
D. forecast the future trends of global warming.
[单项选择]The fish that have developed long feelers use them to ______.
A. recognize food particles
B. collect food
C. locate food by sense of smell
D. both A and B
[单项选择]Her face brightened up when she saw her long-awaited friend _______.
A. turning off
B. turning away
C. turning in
D. turning up
[单项选择]—Have you been here long
—（）
A. No, not very
B. Not much
C. Yes, only little
D. No, only yesterday
[单项选择]Although we still have some problems to face,______our work has been successful.
A. by all means
B. in the long run
C. by and large
D. on the run
[单项选择]Tom: How long have you worked in this department John:______.
A. The atmosphere in this department is free.
B. Seven weeks ago.
C. Just about six months.
D. You can say it again.
[单项选择]
Text 1
We have known for a long time that the organization of any particular society is influenced by the definition of the sexes and the distinction drawn between them. But we have realized only recently that the identity of each sex is not so easy to pin down, and that definitions evolve in accordance with different types of culture known to us, that is, scientific discoveries and ideological revolutions. Our nature is not considered as immutable, either socially or biologically. As we approach the beginning of the 21st century, the substantial progress made in biology and genetics is radically challenging the roles, responsibilities and specific characteristics attributed to each sex, and yet, scarcely twenty years ago, these were thought to be "beyond dispute".
We can safely say, with a few minor exceptions, that the definition of the sexes and their respective functions remained unchanged in the West from the beginning of the 19th century to
A. there is almost no clue to the identity of both sexes.
B. the role distinction between different sexes is conspicuous.
C. the different definitions of sexes bears on the development of culture.
D. the progress of civilization greatly influences the role definitions of sexes.
