At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted with the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller.
The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantation (大农场) in Alabama and Mississippi. Moreover, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and larger plantations, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.
Passage One
Magnesium is another mineral we now obtain by collecting huge volumes of ocean water and treating it with chemicals. Although originally it was derived only from brines or from the treatment of such magnesium-containing rocks as dolomite, of which whole mountain ranges are composed. In a cubic mile of sea water there are about four million tons of magnesium. Since the direct extraction method was developed about 1941, production has increased enormously. It was magnesium from sea that made possible the wartime growth of the aviation industry, for every, air plane made in the United States (and in most other countries as well) contains about haft a ton of magnesium metal. And it has innumerable uses in other industries where a lightweight metal is desired, besides its long-standing utility as an insulating material, and its use in printing inks, medicines, and toothpaste.
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