[简答题]Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. The central notion of social learning theories is that people learn attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors through social interaction. The learning is a result of reinforcement, imitation, and modeling. Reinforcement occurs when we receive direct or indirect rewards or punishments for particular gender role behaviors. For example, a little girl who puts on her mothe r’s makeup may be told that she is cute, but her brother who does the same thing will be scolded. Children also learn gender roles through indirect reinforcement. For example, if a little boy’s male friends are punished for crying, he will learn that "boys don’t cry." Children also learn to behave as boys or girls through observation and imitation. Even when children are not directly rewarded or punished for "behaving like boys" or "behaving like girls," they learn about gender by watching who does what in their families. A father who is rarely at home because he’s alwa

[单项选择]Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
What is the main topic of the passage
A. The mechanics of rain.
B. The climate of North America.
C. How gravity affects air current.
D. Types of clouds.

[单项选择]Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
The era of the cowboy really began after the Civil War ( 1861-1865 ). During this decisive war the Texas cattle had roamed undisturbed in the wild, breeding freely on the plains and greatly increasing in number. By the end of the war, however, Texas was filled with wild cattle. The people in the mushrooming cities of the East and in the Middle West wanted more meat for their diet and local farmers could not keep up with their demands. Therefore, the need for the cowboy emerged from the demands of the people and the nature of the culture.
An image of American folklore which has inspired songs, stories, folk tales and legends has been the cowboy. These romantic figures of the wild frontier probably can trace their origin back to the time of the Spanish conquistadors. The Spanish brought with them to the New World many young men who were experienced with cattle and horses. They were to evolve into the mo
A. the Civil War
B. the American culture
C. the high demand of beef
D. the wildness of the cattle

[单项选择] Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
It is clear that human history will end; the only mystery is when. It is also clear that if the timing is left to nature (or, if you prefer, to God) and humans hang on until the bloody end, the race’s final exit will be ignoble (不光彩的). If future generations escape the saurian (蜥蜴类) agony of extinction by a wandering chunk of rock or ice, the sun’s unavoidable growth to giant hood will still burn their last successors to ashes: only cinders and gases and dust will remain.
Far future generations might prolong the process by posting colonies beyond the earth’s orbit, but these would be sad outposts at the end of the solar system’s long day, clutching memories of a lost planet and of billions of sacrificed souls. The difficulties—fantastic difficulties—of interstellar (星性际的) travel might be overcome, but the mightiest of starships could do no more than defer the end of the world. An ignoble ex
A. Leaving the timing to nature.
B. The saurian-like elimination.
C. Being burned by the sun’s heat.
D. An exit driven by man’s rationality.

[单项选择]Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Video games have become increasingly popular in both arcades and the average American home. People of all ages and from all walks of life are enjoying hours of entertainment by feeding their time and quarters into these flashing, beeping machines. Many skeptics as well as prospective arcade owners have asked what it is that gives Pac Man, Centipede, and a multitude of other popular games their magnetic appeal to millions of players. As a video player myself, I believe there are many answers to that question but three are outstanding.
Before a full-scale attack is launched against young video players for "throwing away" their quarters, one should first consider the rising costs of more traditional forms of entertainment. For instance, eighteen holes of miniature golf or ten frames of bowling will cost the player at least two dollars, and one movie costs four bucks. For just two dollars, a video player can get at
A. traditional video games
B. home video games
C. popular game machines
D. prevalent video games

[单项选择] Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the passage


Which of the following is NOT true of the Americans’ sense of time
A. There are penalties for being late or not keeping commitment in time.
B. It is unthinkable to quantify time.
C. The future is not very far ahead of people.
D. They take the depth of time for granted.

[填空题] Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Electricity was born at the dawn of the last century. From then on, households have been inundated with a flood of home electric goods. What is the impact of this home electric goods revolution
It is argued here that the home electric goods revolution may liberate women from the home. And it is true that many households never hesitate a second to adopt this new technology or that, however, in fact many of the home electric goods which are advertised as liberating the modem woman tend to have the opposite effect, because they simply change the nature of work instead of eliminating it. Machines have a certain novelty value, like toys for adults. It is certainly less tiring to put clothes in a washing machine, but the time saved does not really amount to much the machine has to be watched, the clothes have to be carefully sorted out first, stains removed by hand, buttons pushed and water changed, clothes tak

[单项选择]Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

When did the athletes smile quite a lot
A. When the chairman announced the name of the gold medal winners.
B. When the gold medal winners got the news that they had been the winners.
C. When they actually came to the awarding ceremony.
D. When the gold medal was actually put around the neck of the winner.

[单项选择]Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.

During his senior year, no graduate school would accept Rod because of ______.
A. the unfinished questions in his exams
B. his slowness in answering questions
C. his slowness and his low marks
D. his stupidity

[单项选择]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now, listen to the passage.
When Alexander Graham Bell went to the island, he hoped to
A. establish his laboratory.
B. have a vacation.
C. visit members of his family.
D. study deafness among the families.