[简答题]
Directions :
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your translation clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.

In the 16^th and 17^th centuries, two persons helped lay the foundation of modern education. Comenius, a Czech humanist, greatly influenced both educational and psycho-educational thought. He wrote texts that were based on a developmental theory and in them introduced the use of visual aids in instruction. Media and instructional research, a vital part of contemporary educational psychology, has its origins in the writing and textbook design of Comenius. 61) {{U}}He recommended that instruction start with the general and then move to the particular and that nothing in books be accepted unless checked by a demonstration to the senses.{{/U}} He taught that understanding, not memory, is the goal of instruction; that we learn best that which we

Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Discussion of the assimilation of Puerto Ricans(波多黎各人) in the United States has focused on two factors: social standing and the loss of national culture. In general, excessive stress is placed on one factor or the other, depending on whether the commentator is North American or Puerto Rican. Many North American social scientists, such as Oscar Handlin, Joseph Fitzpatrick, and Oscar Lewis, consider Puerto Ricans as the most recent in a long line of ethnic entrants to occupy the lowest rung on the social ladder. (46) Such a "socio demographic" approach tends to regard assimilation as a benign process, taking for granted increased economic advantage and inevitable cultural integration, in a supposedly egalitarian context. However, this approach fails to take into account the colonia