[填空题]
Explanation
What does a scientist do when he or she "explains" something Scientific explanation comes in two forms: generalization and reduction.
(46) . They explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws
(47) . Presumably, the person was frightened ’earlier in life by a dog. An unpleasant stimulus was paired with the sight of the animal (perhaps the person was knocked down by an exuberant dog) and the subsequent sight of dogs evokes the earlier response—fear.
Most physiologists deal with reduction. Phenomena are explained in terms of simpler phenomena. For example, the movement of a muscle is explained in terms of changes in the membrane of muscle cells, entry of particular chemicals, and interactions between protein molecules within these cell.
(48) .
The task of physiological psychology is to "explain" behavior in physiological terms.
(49) . Thus, the laws of behavior