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Tests administered to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert an unfavourable influence on science and math teaching, according to a new $1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation. And because schools with high minority enrollments (入学) generally place a greater reliance on scores from these tests, the study finds, there tends to be "a gap in instructional emphases between high- and low-minority classrooms that differ from our national concern for the quality of education".
George F. Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests, but also the tests designed to accompany the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and high-school classrooms. Though curriculum (teaching program) experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning, the new study indicates that the tests focus
A. the tests don’t affect teaching in most elementary and high schools
B. the science and math teaching is influenced by the present tests
C. no study is performed on tests for the National Science Foundation
D. the United States exert a strong influence on science and math teaching

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Tests administered to most elementary and high-school students in the United States exert an unfavourable influence on science and math teaching, according to a new $1 million study performed for the National Science Foundation. And because schools with high minority enrollments (入学) generally place a greater reliance on scores from these tests, the study finds, there tends to be "a gap in instructional emphases between high- and low-minority classrooms that differ from our national concern for the quality of education".
George F. Madaus and his colleagues at Boston College analyzed not only the six most widely used national standardized tests, but also the tests designed to accompany the four most commonly used science and math texts in fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and high-school classrooms. Though curriculum (teaching program) experts argue that schools should place greater emphasis on problem solving and reasoning, the new study indicates that the tests focus
A. the students can not acquire high score from the tests
B. scores from the tests are not important
C. instructional emphases are unfavourable
D. teaching doesn’t focus on the quality of education

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[填空题]The aim of the psychological tests administered by many scientists is ______.

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[简答题]In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.

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[填空题] Tests may be the most unpopular part of academic life. Students hate them because they produce fear and (26)__________ about being evaluated, and focus on grades instead of learning for learning’s sake. But tests are also valuable. A well-constructed test (27)__________ what you know and what you still need to learn. Tests help you see how your performance (28)__________ that of others. And knowing that you’ll be tested on (29)__________ material is certainly likely to (30)__________ you to learn the material more thoroughly. However, there’s another reason you might dislike tests. You may assume that tests have the power to (31)__________ your worth as a person. If you do badly on a test, you may be tempted to believe that you received some (32)__________ information about yourself from the professor --- information that says you are a failure in some significant way. This is a dangerous and wrong-headed assumption. If you do badly on a test, it doesn’t

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[单项选择]Theophylline ethylenediamide is administered to a client with COPD. The nurse knows that the medication is for which of the following purpose
A. To reduce bronchial secretions.
B. To relax bronchial smooth muscle.
C. To strengthen myocardial contractions.
D. To decrease alveolar elasticity.

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[单项选择]When magnesium sulfate is administered to a client in labor, its action occurs at which of the following sites
A. Neural-muscular junctions.
B. Distal renal tubules.
C. Central nervous system (CNS).
D. Myocardial fibers.

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[单项选择]Dwight attended Lincoln elementary school, directly across the street from his home. The curriculum emphasized rote learning. "The darkness of the classrooms on a winter day and the monotonous hum of recitation," Eisenhower wrote in his memoirs, "... are my sole surviving memories. I was either a lackluster student or involved in a lackluster program." He came to life for the spelling bee and arithmetic. Spelling contests aroused in him his competitive drive and his hatred of careless mistakes—he became a self-confessed martinet on the subject of orthography. Arithmetic appealed to him because it was logical and straightforward—an answer was either right or wrong.
The subject that really excited him, however, was one that he pursued on his owns military history. He became so engrossed in it, in fact, that he neglected his chores and his schoolwork. His first hero was Hannibal. Then he became a student of the American Revolution, and George Washington excited his admiration. He tal

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