Anyone who’s ever taken a preschooler
to the doctor knows they often cry more before the shot than afterward. Now
researchers using brain scans to unravel the biology of dread have an
explanation: For some people, anticipating pain is truly as bad as experiencing
it. How bad Among people who volunteered to receive electric shocks, almost a third opted for a stronger zap if they could just get it over with, instead of having to wait. More importantly, the research found that how much attention the brain pays to expected pain determines whether someone is an "extreme dreader" —suggesting that simple diversions could alleviate the misery. The research, published in the journal Science ,is part of a burgeoning new field called neu-ro-economics that uses brain imaging to try to understand how people make choices. Until now, most A. children are afraid of being shot by doctor B. waiting is a painful process C. we should give a shot to a child as slow as possible D. bodily pain is less important [单项选择]An assumption is something taken for granted. Everyone makes assumptions--you have to in order to say anything. As a critical reader, you need to determine what the assumption is and then decide whether you agree or disagree with the assumption. Once you decide, your attitude toward the argument will change. Careful, honest writers know what their assumptions are and lay the most important ones out for all to judge. Hidden assumptions may be all right for humor or fairly harmless in topical journalism, but they can be dangerous in serious written argument. Important assumptions should be explicit and detailed, for then the reader can judge their validity. If you do not agree with a writer’s assumptions, then you will never agree with his/her arguments,
As indicated above, an assumption is a belief that we take for granted as a basis for an assertion, All kinds of statements rely on assumptions--questions, commands, promises, and assertions. The simple command "Pass the salt" is ba A. something that everyone knows B. the idea the writer wants to emphasize C. the reader’s knowledge about the topic D. foundation of the writer’s reasoning [单项选择]Who has taken the stamps
A. The woman. B. The woman’s sister. C. The man’s classmates. D. The man himself. [填空题]Who used ever nuts as money
[单项选择]Passage Five
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