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Passage Two

In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they are nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature cam
A. are capable of reliably recognizing the shape of an object
B. are close to exhibiting humanlike behavior
C. are not very different in their performance from those of the 50’s
D. still cannot communicate with people in human language

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Passage Two

In the 1920s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence (AI) predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they are nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature cam
A. the shift of focus of study onto the recognition of the shapes of objects
B. the belief that human intelligence cannot be duplicated with logical, step-by-step programs
C. the aspirations of scientists to duplicate the intelligence of a ten-month-old child
D. the efforts made by scientists in the study of the similarities between transistors and brain cells

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[单项选择]Passage Two

The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilateral asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of the body.
Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutterlike. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws further diverge toward well-defined cutter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect
A. drawing an analogy between asymmetry in lobsters and handed in humans.
B. developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobster will appear on the left or right side
C. explaining differences between lobsters’ crusher claws and cutter claws
D. discussing a possible explanation for the way bilateral asymmetry is determined in lobsters

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[单项选择]Passage Two

If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, People will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere--and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming. The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have patriotically named Green Freedom for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.
The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel. Although they have not yet built a fuel factory, or even a small prototype, the scientists say it is all based on existing technology. "Everything in the co
A. It is given a patriotic name.
B. No law of physics is violated.
C. It is based on existing technology.
D. Carbon dioxide can be converted into fuel.

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[填空题]Passage Two

At two minutes to noon in September 1 of 1923, the great clock in Tokyo stopped. (82) Tokyo Bay shook as if huge rug had been pulled from under it. (83) Towered, above the bay, the 4000-meter Mount Fuji stood above a deep trench in the sea. (84) It was from this trench where the earthquake came at a magnitude of 8.3 on the Richter scale.
Huge waves swept over the city. (85) Boats were driven inland, and buildings and people were dragged out sea. (86) The tremors dislodged part of a hillside, which gave way, brushing trains, stations and bodies the wafer below. (87) Three massive shocks wrecked the of Tokyo and Yokohama and, during the next six hours, there were more than 100 aftershocks.
The casualties were enormous, but there were also some lucky survivors. (88) The most remarkably was a woman who was having a bath in her room at the Tokyo Grand Hotel. (89) As for the hotel collapsed, sh

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