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As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recordings, recording also raises important theoretical problems. The main problem is usually referred to as the observer’s paradox. Ideally we want to know how people use language when they are not being observed. When speakers know they are being observed, their language shifts towards more formal styles, probably rather erratically, as not everything in language is under equal conscious control, and as speakers probably go through cycles of half forgetting they are being recorded. So the most casual language is the most difficult to record. The language that linguists would most like to be able to record is the language which is most susceptible to contamination by observation.
With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some resea
A. grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches increase with time
B. do not grow used to being recorded, and that tape-affected speeches increase with time
C. grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches decrease with time
D. do not grow used to being recorded, and that tape - affected speeches decrease with time

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{{B}}TEXT A{{/B}}

As well as the problems concerned with obtaining good quality audio recordings, recording also raises important theoretical problems. The main problem is usually referred to as the observer’s paradox. Ideally we want to know how people use language when they are not being observed. When speakers know they are being observed, their language shifts towards more formal styles, probably rather erratically, as not everything in language is under equal conscious control, and as speakers probably go through cycles of half forgetting they are being recorded. So the most casual language is the most difficult to record. The language that linguists would most like to be able to record is the language which is most susceptible to contamination by observation.
With modem audio-recording equipment, there is, of course, no difficulty in recording speakers in many face-to-face situations or on the telephone. Some resea
A. talking about file practical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
B. talking about the theoretical problems concerning obtaining good quality audio - recordings
C. talking about the observer’s paradox
D. talking about the speaker’s styles and conscious control

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[简答题]1. Energy is one of the biggest problems most concerned by people.
2. One of the solution to the problem is severe conservation of natural resources.
3. The best way to solve the problem is to develop new sources of energy.

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Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctors of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some have placed the dropouts’ loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was in
A. steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus
B. the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study
C. the Ph.D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout
D. the high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members

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Anything, if it concerns all nations in the world, we need standards to regulate it.
Space flight and air travel would shock time travelers from the mid-19th century. People considered such thing impossible back again. But when it comes to that gem of late 20th-century technology, the Internet, the time travelers might well say: "Been there. Done that."
They have the reasons to say so.
Both systems grew out of the cutting-edge science of their time. The telegraph’s land lines, underwater cables, and clicking things reflected the 19th century’ s research in electromagnetism. The Internet’ s computers and high-speed connections reflect 20th-century, and material technology.
But, while small devices make a global network possible, it takes human cooperation to make it happen. To do so, nations negotiated
A. they were totally ignorant of it.
B. they would consider such a thing as a dream.
C. they had seen similar things before.
D. they had thought of it for quite a long time.

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It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again, to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign, otherwise it may get completely out of hand.
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness
A. our society is unjust towards well-mannered motorists
B. rude drivers can be met only occasionally
C. the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hog
D. nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motorists

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