Popular education in England started as a social welfare as well as an educational service. Robert Raikes, who opened the first Sunday School in 1780, and the two bodies of religious and philanthropic people who provided all the day schools until 1870, were inspired to act by two motives--one was shame at the existence in a great country like England of children and many adults who could not read or write, and the other was concern at the conditions which the industrial revolution had provided for the swarms of children who inhabited the new towns.
This approach to popular education was not the same in other countries. In Prussia, Switzerland, France and in the U. S. A. , the duty to see that future citizens were educated was recognized as that of the State, and public money was allotted to it much earlier than in England. Although the churches in some of these countries were associated with the State system--since religion was recognized to have an important share in the
A. In France education was mainly instruction.
B. In a way the author is proud of the educational system of his country.
C. The industrial revolution improved the conditions for many children living in the new towns.
D. A great many people in England were illiterate at the beginning of the nineteenth century.
Popular education in England started as a social welfare as well as an educational service. Robert Raikes, who opened the first Sunday School in 1780, and the two bodies of religious and philanthropic people who provided all the day schools until 1870, were inspired to act by two motives--one was shame at the existence in a great country like England of children and many adults who could not read or write, and the other was concern at the conditions which the industrial revolution had provided for the swarms of children who inhabited the new towns.
This approach to popular education was not the same in other countries. In Prussia, Switzerland, France and in the U. S. A. , the duty to see that future citizens were educated was recognized as that of the State, and public money was allotted to it much earlier than in England. Although the churches in some of these countries were associated with the State system--since religion was recognized to have an important share in the
A. the government
B. the churches
C. individuals
D. social welfare organizations
M: How did you get started in jazz singing
W: It was a zigzag mute. I went from country music to singing madrigals, to singing folk, to opera, and then to jazz. People kept offering me differ ent projects, saying ’Well, I know that you have never done this before, so maybe you might not want to’ and I would say, ’ Oh, sure. I’ll try it. ’ So I went from form to form, to form and that is how.
M: Are you going to keep moving around or are you stuck on jazz singing now
W: I think jazz is where I’m going to stay. I feel the most comfortable here, I have the most freedom here.
M: When were the sessions for this album originally done
W: The session was done in Sept. of 1998 we mixed it down the second week of October, and nothing was done with it. I was busy for five and half years in a life of death battle with a portion of the government’ a le gal battle’ that I bad. So I had to drop everything to
A. Madrigals.
B. Folk.
C. Rock.
D. Opera.
[听力原文]6-7
W: Hello, Old England Restaurant. Can I help you
M: Yes. I’ d like to book a table for tonight.
W: Yes, sir. What time
M: Eight O’clock.
W: Certainly. For how many people
M: Ten of us.
W: What’ s your name please, sir
M: John Smith.
M: Ok, Mr Smith. That will be all right.
W: Thank you.
W: Right. You’re talking about social groupings here, could you tell us something about the ways animals form into groups
M: Yes, er many, many animals are very solitary animals: the only times they get together is when they mate, or when they’re bringing up their young. The majority of animals are solitary, but a very significant group of mammals and insects, like ants and termites, bees and wasps, are very social and they group together because in a group it’s much safer: you can defend yourself more easily if you’re in a group, you can find mates more easily if you’re in a group, and you can change the world around you by working with the others if you live in a group. Solitary animals have a much more difficult time in many ways.
W: You mentioned lions and other carnivora earlier on. Do they group very much
M: Yes. Most cats in fact don’t group. Er, lions and, to a lesser extent, cheetahs are the only cats that group
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