The question of whether war is
inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.
Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some
related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed
against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition
among social entities independently striving for something which is in
inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the
parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of
opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities
function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted
with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service
of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is i A. argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies B. smooth out the conflict in human societies C. distinguish between two kinds of opposition D. summarize the that characteristic featare of opposition and cooperation
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[单项选择] Passage Three
The question of whether war is
inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world’s great writers.
Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some
related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed
against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition
among social entities independently striving for something which is in
inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the
parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of
opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities
function in the disservice, of one another. Opposition is thus contrasted
with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service
of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is i A. it results in war in most cases B. it induces efforts to expand territory C. it is a kind of opposition among social entities D. it is essentially a struggle for existence
[单项选择] Passage Three
Three years ago, researchers announced the discovery
of human genes that were capable of turning ordinary cells into malignant ones.
The news met with some skepticism. Experts asked how a single gene could cause
such a dramatic change. Why does cancer take years or even decades to develop if
it is caused by such a simple and direct process In last week’s issue of the,
three research teams answered those questions by setting forth a new model for
understanding the role of oncogenes in cancer. Each group found
that it does in fact take more than a single gene to produce cancer in normal
cells. Teams at M. I. T and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, N. Y.
, reported that they could induce cancer in normal rat cells only by inserting
at least two types of oncogene into the cells. "A single oncogene produced some
changes, A. was caused by normal cells B. sometimes resulted from internal actions of the victim’s own body C. was a hereditary disease D. was a form of malignancy
[单项选择] Passage Three
Nature has devised many ways to protect
creatures’ eyes. The most common protection is the eyelid--a fold of skin that
closes over the eye, protecting it from damage. Eyelashes are useful for keeping
out dust and other irritants, and tears wash away any particles that get through
the other defenses. Some creatures, including most birds, have
three eyelids. The upper and lower lids act like human lids and keep out twigs,
dirt and sand. The third eyelid, however, is a semitransparent tissue that
crosses over the eye from the inside corner to the outside corner. Because of
this protective membrane, birds seldom have to blink. They close their eyes only
when they go to sleep. In ducks, this third eyelid self as an underwater diving
mask that helps the ducks find food. Most fish and snakes have
no eyelids at all. Instead, a har A. to keep windblown sand out of its eyes B. that get in the way of its sight C. to help it see better D. to attract other camels
[单项选择]Passage Three A. She is becoming older and older. B. Something is wrong with her eyes. C. The peace of the forest has been destroyed. D. Her living supplies are getting shorter and shorter.
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