[填空题]Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
Personality is to a large extent inherent—A type parents usually bring about a type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in the lives of their children.
One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the win at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Philippines, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!"
By far the worst form of competit

[单项选择]Questions 15 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.

What is the talk mainly about
A. The types of instruments used in bebop music.
B. The social setting in which bebop music developed.
C. How two styles of jazz music influenced each other.
D. The influence of bebop music on the United States economy during the 1940’s.

[单项选择] Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: "Store in the refrigerator."
In my fridge less Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased; fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing — marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft
A. Inventors.
B. Consumers.
C. Manufacturers.
D. Traveling salesmen.

[单项选择]Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on "persuasive salesmanship" to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then change them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.

A. the demands of the market
B. the efficiency of production
C. the preferences of consumers
D. the satisfaction of consumers

[填空题]Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
To call something "marginal" means it is not very good. Farmers have their own way to (47) marginal land: It is the last to be planted under good conditions, and has the (48) to be avoided under poor conditions. Low (49) soil is not the only reason land could be considered marginal. It might be in an area where rainfall is (50) or where a hillside might rise too steeply(陡峭地).
There are uses for marginal land, however. Most often it is used as grassland. Grasses provide excellent (51) for grazing (吃草) animals like cattle, sheep and goats. Grass seed can be bought from a foreign supplier or (52) grasses can be used. However, using marginal land for grazing is not a simple issue. There is a (53) of overgrazing. Cattle can damage the crops by eating down to the roots. Also, the weight of the animals crushes the soft and can make

[单项选择]

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Adam Smith was the first person to see the importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by which pins were made in England.
"One man draws out the wire, another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them.
Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4, 800 pins a worker. (79) But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a day and not even one.
There can be no doubt that division of labor is an efficient w
A. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.
B. Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already have.
C. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.
D. Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.

[单项选择]Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.
By citing the remarks of Diogenes, the speaker wants to say that
A. we need to learn the skills of talking.
B. listening is easier than talking.
C. it is important to be an attentive listener.
D. we should talk less and do mor

[单项选择]Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
According to the speaker, which of the following are important in the process of doing Yoga
A. Concentration and breathing.
B. Meditation and comfort.
C. Breathing and moving smoothly.
D. Flexibility and breathin

[填空题]Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.
With the global economy now taking more executives to far-away places like Beijing and Mumbai, jet lag is becoming a bigger problem, leading sleep researchers to work harder than ever to find suitable remedies.
Trips to the other side of the globe make adjusting a traveler’s body clock a more lasting process. Jet lag experts say they believe it takes one day for each time zone away from home, up to a maximum of six or seven days, to get fully in sync (同步) with local time.
There is no easy remedy. One problem in developing solutions is all the variation in travelers’ ability to handle jet lag. Sleep researchers have found that people who have dealt with sleep loss over long periods—on night shifts, for example can tolerate jet lag better than most. And older travelers also tend to get harder hit than the young by jet lag. About eight million corporate travelers made overseas trips last year, most of whom were