[单项选择]X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting — judged by some authorities to be a self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh — revealed an underimage of a woman’s face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the underimage also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh.
The conclusion above is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed
A. If a canvas already bears a painted image produced by an artist, a second artist who uses the canvas to produce a new painting tends to be influenced by the style of the first artist.
B. Many painted canvases that can be reliably attributed to van Gogh contain underimages of subjects that appear on at least one other canvas that van Gogh is known to have painted.
C. Any painted canvas incorrectly attributed to van Gogh would not contain an underimage of a subject that appears in authentic paintings by that artist.
D. A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to an artist unless the authenticity of any underimage that painting might contain can be reliably attributed to the artist.
E. (E) A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to a particular artist unless a reliable X-ray examination of the painting is performed.

[单项选择]Marine archaeologists recently discovered underwater in an ancient Mediterranean harbor several hundred ceramic objects, dating back approximately 4,000 years. Although any remnants of a ship’s wooden frame would have long ago decayed, the quantity and variety of the ceramics discovered in the initial investigation led the archaeologists to hypothesize that they had discovered an approximately 4,000-year-old shipwreck.
Which of the following, if true, gives the strongest support to the archaeologists’ hypothesis
A. Marine archaeologists have discovered a 3,000-year-old shipwreck in another ancient Mediterranean harbor.
B. The rate at which wood decays when submerged in water varies greatly with the type of wood involved.
C. Two confirmed shipwrecks, approximately 3,500 and 3,000 years old, respectively, have been discovered in the same harbor in which the ceramic objects were discovered.
D. The ceramics discovered in the harbor are similar to ceramics found in several other ancient Mediterranean harbors.
E. (E) Broke ship’s fittings, approximately 4,000 years old, were discovered on the seabed among the ceramic objects.

[单项选择]General Wesley Clark recently discovered a hole in his personal security—his cell phone. A resourceful blogger, hoping to call attention to the black market in phone records, made his privacy rights experiment on the general in January. For $ 89.95, he purchased, no questions asked, the records of 100 cell-phone calls that Clark had made. (He revealed the trick to Clark soon after. ) "It’s like someone taking your wallet or knowing who paid you money", Clark says. "It’s no great discovery, but it just doesn’t feel right." Since then, Clark has become a vocal supporter of the movement to outlaw the sale of cell-phone records to third parties.
The U. S.’s embrace of mobile phones—about 65% of the population are subscribers—has far outpaced efforts to keep what we do with them private. That has cleared the way for a cottage industry devoted to exploiting phone numbers, calling records and even the locations of unsuspecting subscribers for profit. A second business segment is develop
A. to earn money from the internet
B. to blackmail the general for money
C. to play a trick on the general
D. to warn people of the information security

[单项选择]Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed, and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends greatly on visual
A. The uniqueness of film.
B. The importance of film analysis.
C. How to identify the techniques a film uses.
D. The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.

[单项选择]It is very difficult to prove today that a painting done two or three hundred years ago, especially one without a signature or with a questionably authentic signature, is indubitably the work of this or that particular artist. This fact gives the traditional attribution of a disputed painting special weight, since that attribution carries the presumption of historical continuity. Consequently, an art historian arguing for a deattribution will generally convince other art historians only if he or she can persuasively argue for a specific reattribution.
Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the position that the traditional attribution of a disputed painting should not have special weight
A. Art dealers have always been led by economic self-interest to attribute any unsigned paintings of merit to recognized masters rather than to obscure artists.
B. When a painting is originally created, there are invariably at least some eyewitnesses who see the artist at work, and thus questions of correct attribution cannot arise at that time.
C. There are not always clearly discernible differences between the occasional inferior work produced by a master and the very best work produced by a lesser talent.
D. Attribution can shape perception inasmuch as certain features that would count as marks of greatness in a master’s work would be counted as signs of inferior artistry if a work were attributed to a minor artist.
E. (E) Even though some masters had specialists assist them with certain detail work, such as depicting lace, the resulting works are properly attributed to the masters alone.

[简答题]Part 2&3Describe a photograph Do you like painting or taking photographs Why do some people not like taking photographs What sort of pictures are considered most appealing to people

[单项选择]{{B}}D{{/B}}