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发布时间:2024-05-12 22:38:16

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Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe
A. extremely complex
B. most severely standardized
C. "backward"
D. understandable

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[单项选择]
{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs, and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, undeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.
To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.
People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, undeveloped forms of speech, consisting largely of grunts and groans. While it is possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of "backward" languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe
A. definition of culture
B. feeling about human beings
C. bias in regard to civilized humans
D. philosophy
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{{B}}TEXT B{{/B}}

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"—physical objects that can be seen, held, fell, used — that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music: can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot bear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their develop ment. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or
A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B. it can reflect the development of the nation
C. it helps understand the nation’s past and present
D. it can demonstrate the nations civilization
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{{B}}TEXT C{{/B}}

Material culture refers to the touchable, material "things"--physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, used--that a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of "things" in it, of course, are musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph (留声机) was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ag
A. it helps produce new cultural tools and technology
B. it can reflect the development of the nation
C. it helps understand the nation’s past and present
D. it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization
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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

Culture is often defined as a set of shared principles and values. Yet as the world approaches greater and greater degrees of globalization, global subcultures begin to emerge. The movement is one such sub-category, characterized by a specific type of music, with its own fashion and language.
Britain used to be a society where the so-called culture norms dictated one’s entire future, one in which people were categorized according to their perceived status at birth. Yet by the 1980s all that had changed. It changed so radically that a whole generation of youth were left stranded in a quagmire of confusion and despair, each struggling to re-define their role within society, and to make sense of a culture that seemed unforgiving at times, culturally inherited ideas, beliefs and values having being turned
A. men and women had different jobs
B. people had jobs for life
C. people’s values changed
D. people received a good education
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{{B}}TEXT D{{/B}}

Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to cur troops occupying Germany after World War Ⅱ and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes A mericans uncomfortable.
Our linguistic (语言上的) and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languag
A. are isolated by the local people
B. are not well informed due to the language barrier
C. tend to get along well with the natives
D. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants

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