According to sociologists, there are
several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of
a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural
patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, in
such friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders,
although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are
usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal
ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that
there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of
personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person
may be recognized as a leader if the person has quali A. expressive leaders B. goals of the group C. group members D. tension and conflict
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[单项选择] Passage Five
According to sociologists, there are
several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of
a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural
patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, in
such friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders,
although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are
usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal
ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that
there is any category of "natural leaders". It seems that there is no set of
personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person
may be recognized as a leader if the person has quali A. recruitment B. formal election process C. specific leadership training D. traditional cultural patterns
[单项选择] Passage Five
Nanotechnology, according to its fans, will
jump-start a new industrial revolution with molecular-sized structures as
complex as the human cell and 100 times stronger than steel. The new technology
transforms everyday products and the way they are made by manipulating atoms so
that materials can be shrunk, strengthened and lightened all at once. To date
only modest nanotech-based products--such as stain-resistant fabrics and fresh
food packaging--have entered the market, but some scientists predict
nanotechnology will eventually be the only game in town. "It will be a
ubiquitous technology," said George Stephanopoulos, professor of chemical
engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He echoes other
nanotech supporters who say industrial countries are already sliding toward its
use in every aspect of manufacturing.
A. nanotechnology can not continue in existence for a long time B. nanotechnology will be the only activity that provides entertainment C. nanotechnology will become the most influential in the future D. nanotechnology will become the most beneficial thing someday
[单项选择] Passage Five
Nanotechnology, according to its fans,
will jump-start a new industrial revolution with molecular-sized structures as
complex as the human cell and 100 times stronger than steel. The new technology
transforms everyday products and the way they are made by manipulating atoms so
that materials can be shrunk, strengthened and lightened all at once. To date
only modest nanotech-based products—such as stain-resistant fabrics and fresh
food packaging—have entered the market, but some scientists predict
nanotechnology will eventually be the only game in town. "It will be a
ubiquitous technology," said George Stephanopoulos, professor of chemical
engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He echoes other
nanotech supporters who say industrial countries are already sliding toward its
use in every aspect of manufacturing. A. help readers have a better understanding of nanotech B. show that industries are all set for the nanotech age C. tell readers the hurdles ahead the research of nanotech D. reveal the potential benefits and big business of nanotech
[单项选择] Passage Five
Some modern anthropologists hold that
biological evolution has shaped not only human morphology but also human
behavior. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of
dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of
feeling, thinking, and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in
any culture. Our "frailties" --emotions and motives such as rage, fear, greed,
gluttony, joy, lust, love--may be a very mixed assortment, but they share at
least one immediate quality: we are, as we say, "in the grip" of them. And thus
they give us our sense of constraints. Unhappily, some of those
frailties--our need for ever-increasing security among them--are presently
maladaptive. Yet beneath the overlay of cultural detail, they, too, are said to
be biological in direction, and therefore A. a position on the foundations of human behavior and on what those foundations imply B. a theory outlining the parallel development of human morphology and of human behavior C. a diagnostic test for separating biologically determined behavior patterns from culture- specific detail D. a practical method for resisting the pressures of biologically determined drives
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