[单项选择]
Although our educational system and our society generally place a high value on competition, some problems can be better solved through cooperation and some forms of learning are strengthened through cooperation. Both competition and cooperation have a place in society and can serve a useful purpose. Consequently, it is necessary to be able to engage in both processes depending on the circumstances and one’s goals.
In the academic environment grades are often conceived as the major criterion (标准) for the assessment of learning. We tend to assume that the higher one’s grade average, the more one has learned, thus creating greater competition for grades. This competition can be particularly intense in fields where the financial rewards are great and opportunity is limited: law, engineering, medicine, and business.
However, the measure of one’s learning is not limited to grades. It is possible to learn a great deal about a subject and receive a low
A. Cooperation.
B. Competition.
C. Evaluation.
D. Teaching process.

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[单项选择]

Although our educational system and our society generally place a high value on competition, some problems can be better solved through cooperation and some forms of learning are strengthened through cooperation. Both competition and cooperation have a place in society and can serve a useful purpose. Consequently, it is necessary to be able to engage in both processes depending on the circumstances and one’s goals.
In the academic environment grades are often conceived as the major criterion (标准) for the assessment of learning. We tend to assume that the higher one’s grade average, the more one has learned, thus creating greater competition for grades. This competition can be particularly intense in fields where the financial rewards are great and opportunity is limited: law, engineering, medicine, and business.
However, the measure of one’s learning is not limited to grades. It is possible to learn a great deal about a subject and receive a low
A. competition and cooperation are related
B. cooperation is more important
C. cooperation and competition are both needed
D. competition is more important

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[单项选择]Passage Four

Can an inventive society get bolder as it grows older That question affects people of all ages—especially those living in the United States, Europe, and Japan, which are expected to have fewer workers supporting more retirees. According to Science and Engineering Indicators (SEI):2OO2,issued by the National Science Board (NSB),America’s science and engineering workforce will continue to grow in coming decades, but its average age is likely to rise.
Will scientific workers in their 50s and 60s continue to make valuable contributions The report avoided asking whether aging impairs creativity. If it does, then the growth of our productivity and improvement of our standard of living might be in trouble. There is already a shortage of young Americans in research; in 2003 the NSB expressed concern over the United States’ dependence o
A. in science fields the U.S. face shortage of talent
B. average age of the science and engineering workforce in coming decades will be higher
C. for old scientific workers, aging has impaired their creativity
D. the young Americans in research has outnumbered retirees

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[单项选择]Passage 2

What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming fr
A. the non-existence of consensus on the forms the society should take
B. the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life
C. the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity
D. the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline

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[填空题]Our society structure affects all human relationships. Outside the home we have a system of power relationship: worker/employer, individual/state, etc., and most people feel particularly powerless if their specific situations are beyond their control. The resultant stresses need outlets.
There are many different outlets. Many of us are inclined at least sometimes to take out our frustration (挫折) on people nearest to us. The kind of destructive outlet that a woman uses may be physical-either against her husband or children-but more often, it is directed towards her children who cannot walk out. Commonly, women turn violent feelings inwards: twice as many women as men suffer from depression (抑郁症). Women are the most vulnerable (脆弱的) to depression. As far as men are concerned, they have been brought up to use their fists-and even encouraged to do so. So a man’s outlet can, in its extreme form, involve physical violence against his wife and family. Many women have no way to escape:

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