[填空题]Taxonomic research involves comparing members of one group of ants.

[单项选择]Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends
A. Prolific writers can inflate the number of citations they receive by citing themselves in subsequent papers.
B. It is possible to ascertain whether or not a paper is the product of international collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received.
C. The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.
D. The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international collaboration.
E. (E) International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single researchers.

[填空题] Writing a Research Paper I . Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A) Similarity in (1)________e. g. —choosing a topic —asking questions —identifying the audience B) Difference mainly in terms of (2)________ 1. research paper: printed sources 2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’’s (3)________ II. Types and Characteristics of Research Papers A) Number of basic types: two B) Characteristics: 1. survey-type paper: —to gather (4)________ —to quote —to (5)________ The writer should be (6)________ 2. argumentative (research) paper: A) The writer should do more, e. g. —to interpret —to question, etc. B) (7) varies with the topic, e.g.________ —to recommend an action, etc. III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper In choosing a topic, it is important to (8 )________ Question No. 1: you

[单项选择]After negotiation for some time, all the members of the association promised to （）to the strict code of practice.
A. ascribe
B. confirm
C. adhere
D. confide

[填空题]Why is the spaceflight of the seven crew members of the space shuttle Discovery called one of the biggest risk of their lives

[单项选择]In one shocking instance of ______ research, one of the nation’ s most influential researchers in the field of genetics reported on experiments that were never carried out and published deliberately ______ scientific papers on his nonexistent work.
A. comprehensive...abstract
B. theoretical...challenging
C. frandulent...deceptive
D. derivative...authoritative
E. erroneous...impartial

[填空题]The secretary __________ (详细记录) what the members of the Board of Directors had discussed at the meeting.

[单项选择]We need to conduct extensive background research on the firms from （） we received bids.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when

[简答题]

Research published in May 1993 by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR) showed that reducing coastal and river pollution and ensuring a reliable water supply were among the top environmental priorities for the public.
All discharges to water in the UK require the consent of the appropriate regulatory authority. In England and Wales the Environment Agency’s principal method of controlling water pollution is through the regulation of all effluent discharges, including sewage, into groundwater, and inland and coastal waters. The Agency maintains public registers containing information about water quality, discharge consents, authorizations and monitoring. Applicants for consents to discharge have the right of appeal if they are dissatisfied with the Agency’s decision; most of these appeals are dealt with by the Planning Inspectorate, an executive agency of the DETR. In Scotland control is the responsibility of the Scottish Environment Pr