Most conceptions of the process of
motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part,
directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or
motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation
in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an
organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering
him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals.
The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are
effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the
needs of the individuals.
Maslow examines in detail what these
needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic
physiological drives su
A. Physiological needs are the most basic.
B. There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.
C. Economic factors are the greatest inducement.
D. Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor.
更多"{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
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[单项选择]{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Most conceptions of the process of
motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part,
directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or
motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation
in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an
organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering
him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals.
The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are
effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the
needs of the individuals.
Maslow examines in detail what these
needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic
physiological drives su
A. satisfying their physiological needs
B. satisfying their self-realization needs
C. satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needs
D. first satisfying their lower-order needs
[单项选择] Passage Two
Unfortunately most of the science
fiction films of the 1970s were not much influenced by 2001 A Space Odyssey.
Skillfully directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001. which appeared in 1968, set new
standards for science fiction films. During the next decade, every one of the
dozens of science fiction movies released was compared to 2001 , and all but a
few were found sadly lacking.
Admittedly, Kubrick had one of the
largest budgets ever for a film of this kind, but, in my opinion, much of the
movie’s power and appeal was achieved through relatively inexpensive means. For
example, the musical score, which was adapted in large part from
well-known classical compositions, was reinforced by the use of almost
kaleidoscopic visual effects, especially during the space travel sequences.
Spectacular camera work was edited to correspond precisely
A. better than 2001: A Space Odyssey
B. not as good as 2001: A Space Odyssey
C. almost the same as Star Wars
D. better than Star Wars
[单项选择]{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
The most sparsely populated county in
Wales is where you will find Britain’s happiest place, say researchers, as Powys
tops the list of 273 districts, with Edinburgh apparently the most miserable
place in Britain. Eight of the top 10 districts with the highest levels of
well-being are in Scotland or the north of England. However, the research
results suggested that the differences between areas were due to personal
circumstances rather than physical location.
The study, by a
team from the Universities of Sheffield and Manchester, used data from the.
British Household Panel Survey, which questioned a representative sample from 5
000 households about their sense of well-being. The researchers were able to
draw up a map of happiness down to district level across England, Scotland and
Wales. Although the sample for each dist
A. The number of households surveyed is not very large.
B. The survey was not carried out by the research team.
C. There is no sample from the districts of Ireland.
D. The findings are interesting but not academically useful.
[单项选择]{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
To most Africans, tribalism simply
means very strong loyalty to one’s ethnic group. It is a force that Can be both
good and bad. By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the
extended family. It makes sure that a person is taken care of by his own group.
To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it is an obligation.
Similarly, for a politician or military leader it is considered good common
sense to choose his closest adviser from people of his own tribe. This ensures
security, continuity, authority. Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion--from
sergeant to captain, from clerk to manager—within a very short time.
Modern African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions.
Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day-to-day African life. As
evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Ken
A. Sharing among members of the extended family.
B. Giving a job to a fellow tribesman.
C. A force that can be both good and bad.
D. People have the same religious belief.
[单项选择]{{B}}Passage Two{{/B}}
Most growing plants contain much more
water than all other materials combined. C.R. Dames has suggested that it is as
proper to term the plant a water structure as to call a house composed mainly of
bricks as a brick building. It is certain that all the essential processes of
plant growth and development occur in water. The mineral elements from the soil
that are usable by the plant must be dissolved in the soil solution before they
can be taken into the root. They are carded to all parts of the growing plant
and are built into essential plant materials while in a dissolved state. The
carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air may enter the leaf as a gas but is
dissolved in the leaf before it is combined with a part of the water to form
simple sugars — the base material from which the plant body is mainly built.
Actively gro
A. the functions of carbon dioxide and water
B. the role of water in a growing plant
C. the process of simple sugar formation
D. the synthesis of water with carbon dioxide
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