[填空题]

Tiktaalik rosae is considered to be an evolutionary ______ .

[填空题]

The remains of the Tiktaalik rosae were found 600 miles from the ______ .

[填空题]

Tiktaalik rosae lived around ______ ago.

[简答题]

HISTORY OF LANGUAGE

1 In evolutionary history, the development of language set humans apart from the rest of the animal kingdom. Spoken language originated when early humans began to string grunts and squeals together to form a sound-meaning system. Language provided humans with the tools to create ideas and then to communicate these ideas to other people.
2 As human knowledge and civilization expanded, a system that stored information became necessary. The first writing systems used pictures to represent objects. These early systems were successful in recording concrete details concerning trade and taxes, but they could not convey abstract ideas and emotions. Between 800 and 500 B.C., the ancient Greeks began to use a phonetic alphabet that used symbols to represent sounds, with each sound making up part of a word. Thus, written language became a means of mass communication.
3 The expansio

[填空题]The British structuralism considered that language was identified with speech and speech ability was approached through oral practice of______.

[单项选择]A considered B evaluated C calculated D measured

[单项选择]Traditional critical scholarship has considered a literary work the product of one focused mind, along with its social influences, struggling to achieve self-expression. In such a context, the author’s intended meaning, especially as it may be inferred by the circumstances surrounding his life and the work, is extremely important: the author’s intention should be taken as the gold standard in determining what constitutes an accurate and valid reading of the text. A natural outgrowth of measuring the validity of readings by this standard is the rejection of those readings that do not fit what the author intended, or what the surrounding culture expected the author to intend.

[单项选择]IN 2005 Congress considered an emergency spending bill that designated $81 billion for military spending and Asian tsunami relief. It passed easily. A politician would have to be mighty confident to vote against humanitarian aid and supporting the troops.
But complaints have steadily grown about a law that came with the spending bill. The Real ID Act of 2005 established national standards for driving licences. By 2008, it said, every state would have to make sure its licences included "physical security features" and "a common machine readable technology". A state would be responsible for verifying that anyone applying for licences is in America legally. Only licences that met the new standards would be accepted by the federal government. An American who wanted to fly commercially, or do anything else for which he needed to identify himself, would end up in a queue at the Department of Motor Vehicles.
The idea was to make life harder for would-be terrorists. But the scheme wi
A. contain messages that may make states feel uneasy.
B. be paid mainly by the federal government.
C. force illegal immigrants to be terrorists.
D. be able to be recognized by machines easily.

[多项选择]Robinson Crusoe is universally considered as Daniel Defoe’s masterpiece. Robinson, apparently, is cast as a typical 18th-century pioneer colonist. Give a brief comment on Robinson Crusoe.

[填空题]Confucius considered himself a transmitter who consciously tried to reanimate the old in order to attain the new. He proposed retrieving the meaning of the past by breathing ______. into seemingly outmoded rituals. (vital)

[填空题]Alternative sentencing is considered only good for young offenders.

[简答题]A distribution network
Things to be considered
· Geographical coverage
· Number of distributors
· Regional team leaders
· LocaI show rooms
· Rules and regulations
· Bonuses
· Fines and penalties

[单项选择]Text 3