Human language is a living thing. Each language has its own biological system, which makes it different from all other languages. This system must constantly adjust to a new environment and new situations to survive and flourish (兴盛).
When we think of human language this way, it is an easy step to see the words of a language as being like the ceils of a living organism (机物)-they are constantly forming and dying and splitting into parts as time changes and the language adapts.
There are several specific processes by which new words are formed. Some words come into the language which sound like what they refer to. Words like buzz (嗡嗡) and ding-dong are good examples of this process.
Still another way in which new words are formed is to use the name of a person or a place closely associated with that word’s meaning. The words sandwich and hamburger are examples of this word-formation process. The Earl ( 伯爵 ) of Sandwich was so fond of gambling at cards
A. the biological system of a living organism
B. the inventors of sandwich and hamburger
C. the development of human ceils
D. the changes of a language
Everything living on earth—each plant and animal—needs other living things. Nothing lives alone. Most animals must live in a group, and even a tree or a plant grows close together with others of the same kind. Sometimes one living thing hunts another, one eats and the other is eaten. Each kind of life eats another kind of life in order to live, and together they form a food chain. Some food chains are simple, others are complicated. But all have two things in common-all food chains begin with the sun, and all food chains become broken up if one of the links disappears.
All life depends on energy from sunlight. Only plants can use this energy directly. Their leaves are little factories that use sunlight to make food from water and things in the soil and air.
Plants in turn feed all other living things. Animals can only use the sun’s energy after it has been changed into food by plants. Some animals feed directly on plants, others eat smaller anima
A. human beings
B. animals
C. plants and animals
D. man and wild animals
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