[单项选择]Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of 20th century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an eqation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of eletromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation,v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck’s constant. It is now recog
A. Optics.
B. Thermodynamics.
C. Statistical mechanics.
D. Biology.

[单项选择]Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community’s understanding of atomic and subatomic processes. Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of 20th century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an eqation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of eletromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation,v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals hv. The constant, h, is known as Planck’s constant. It is now recog
A. dangerous
B. extremist
C. momentous
D. militarist

[单项选择]（　） was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1907.
A. Joseph Rudyard Kipling
B. James Joyce
C. Virginia Woolf
D. Thomas Steams Eliot

[单项选择]He will probably be awarded a Nobel Prize on account of his __________ achievements in chemistry.
A. high
B. worthwhile
C. outstanding
D. powerful

[单项选择]In 1954, ______ was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for his "mastery of the art of modern narration".
A. T. S. Eliot
B. Ernest Hemingway
C. John Steinbeck
D. William Faulkner

[单项选择]John Steinbeck was awarded both the Nobel Prize for Literature and the Pulitzer Prize for his masterpiece （　）.
A. The Moon Is Down
B. In Dubious Battle
C. The Grapes of Wrath
D. Cup of Gold

[单项选择]（　） was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
A. Malcolm X
B. John F. Kennedy
C. Martin Luther King
D. D.W.E.Dubois

[填空题]
The Nobel Prize was founded by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel. Nobel died in 1896 and left his fortune of about US $9.2 million to a fund to honour people who have helped other human beings. Jelinek won this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature, and she was the ninth woman winner since the prize was first awarded in 1901.

Alfred Nobel was the founder of (46) .
The fortune Nobel left to a fund was about (47)
(48) won this year’s Nobel Prize for (49)
The year Nobel Prize was first awarded: (50)

[单项选择]The winner of the Nobel Prize in physics dedicated the honor to his high school physics teacher, he had been an inspiration during his early years.（）
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that

[填空题]Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics in ______.

[单项选择]Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born US citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme (酶) research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Among the pair"s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors (受体). As usual, the tight-lipped award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm"s Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite (炸药), established the prizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Sweden"s central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor (瑞典克朗) (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. "Individual researchers probably don"t look at themselves as potential Nobel Prize winners when they"re at work," Jornvall told The Associated Press. "They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions." In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase (端粒酶) to sustain (维持) their uncontrolled growth.The word "kicks" in Paragraph 8 probably means ______.
A. money
B. respect
C. knowledge
D. enjoyment