[多项选择]

Promotion Risk

In management science, a "promotion risk" is an individual with the following features. First, the individual has been promoted into a high or relatively high position in the company. He has been promoted because of demonstrated superior abilities for some of his position’s more important tasks. However, the individual also displays certain weaknesses for performing other of his position’s duties. Such a person is a "risk" because his weaknesses may lead to serious errors which damage the company or reduce profits. So the company must consider the risk when making the promotion or hiring decision.
Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how the professor’s example of promotion risk is related to the reading passage.
Now hear a talk on the same subject.

[单项选择] It has been said that management is a science and that leadership is an art. Management is comprised of concrete, measurable skills: planning, organizing, directing, and controlling. Thumb through any management textbook and you’’ll see specific models, formulas, procedures, or techniques for monitoring and controlling performance output. Controlling productivity through adherence to standards is the stock-in-trade of the effective manager. It’’s not always an easy task, and talented managers should be given the credit they deserve in helping their organizations succeed. No organization can survive for very long, let alone earn any sort of substantial profits, without sound management. But management alone is not enough in today’’s marketplace. It is the right balance, a combination of efficient management and leadership that every organization is seeking. Just what is the new model of leadership for the 21st century It revolves around five abstract qualities. Managers may po
A. Personal Power.
B. Self-mastery.
C. Vision.
D. Empowerment.