[简答题]The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Men’s Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyor’s apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the

[简答题]The theory of evolution by natural selection was put forward in the 1850s independently by two men. One was Charles Darwin; the other was Alfred Russel Wallace. Both men had some scientific background, of course, but at heart both men were naturalists. Darwin had been a medical student at Edinburgh University for two years, before his father who was a wealthy doctor proposed that he might become a clergyman and sent him to Cambridge. Wallace, whose parents were poor and who had left school at 14, had followed courses at Working Men’s Institutes in London and Leicester as a surveyor’s apprentice and pupil teacher. The fact is that there are two traditions of explanation that march side by side in the ascent of man. One is the analysis of the physical structure of the world. The other is the study of the processes of life: their delicacy, their diversity, the wavering cycles from life to death in the individual and in the species. And these traditions do not come together until the t

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Natural selection describes the biological process in which the differences of individuals within a population influences their abilities to survive and reproduce in an environment. The differences in individuals is a result of their genetic inheritance from their parents. In a population, any characteristic which blocks reproduction success tends to decrease generation by generation. In time, the ill-adapted die out. On the other hand,the individuals who do survive and reproduce will tend to produce offspring which are better adapted to the environment. Natural selection tends to promote adaptations that will increase the organism’s ability to survive in an environment.
Natural selection can serve to stabilize a population if the new traits, called mutations, are eliminated when they appear because they are not as well-adapted to the environment. The opposite effect is obtained when a new trait is introduced which allows individuals to adapt better over time, the s
A. they have different success generation by generation
B. they are ill-adapted and eventually die out
C. they have different genetic inheritances
D. they want to survive and reproduce successfully

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Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed
Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as president of the American Institute of Biological Sciences(AIBS) is leading a nationwide effort to" defend" the theory of evolution. Weis leads the effort in the face of what the institute views as opposition and indifference from school boards and government entities.
The Institute believes that the teaching of evolution in America is being diminished by the teaching of creationism as well as by an overall lack of teaching Darwin’s theory in high school. "There’s nothing that requires schools to teach evolution. Sometimes teachers in high schools just leave it out. However from the point of view of biologists, evolution is the central theory of biology upon which everything is based," said Weis. "Unfortunately, teaching evolution has become a political issue in many parts of the country and AIBS, as a representative of biolog
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned

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One theory of human evolution is that our ancestors were semi-aquatic apes. They spent much time in water that they lost their body hair, which makes swimming difficult. Daedalus points out that in fact, water is a deadly environment for human beings—not by drowning; but by chilling. Our alleged aquatic ancestors should have grown even thicker, longer fur to minimize heat transfer. Indeed, in a maritime accident, it is worth putting on all the clothes you can find; you will live that much longer in the water. As for swimming—forget it. It stirs away all the body heat it generates
Sadly, many sea disasters happen so suddenly that there is no time to look for spare clothes. So Daedalus is devising a nautical uniform which reacts with water to form an ideal survival garment. His first inspiration was the absorptive acrylate polymer used in bandages, and babies’ nappy. It can take up hundreds of times its weight of water, expanding into soft jellylike stuff
A. he has too thick clothes on
B. he can not swim
C. he does not have waterproof clothes
D. he loses too much of body heat in the water

[单项选择]According to the theory of evolution, all living species are modified ______ of earlier species.
A. descendants
B. defendants
C. developments
D. dependants