[单项选择]

The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18^th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions durin
A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being.
B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions.
C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries.
D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel.

[单项选择]

The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18^th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate whether government should utilize the death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign capital punishment. Other individuals who campaigned against executions durin
A. People began to criticize their government.
B. The government was unjust in this period.
C. People began to realize the value of life.
D. Social critics were very active at that time.

[单项选择]

Passage Two
The practice of capital punishment is as old as government itself. For most of history, it has not been considered controversial. Since ancient times most governments have punished a wide variety of crimes by death and have conducted executions as a routine part of the administration of criminal law. However, in the mid-18th century, social critics in Europe began to emphasize the worth of the individual and to criticize government practices they considered unjust, including capital punishment. The controversy and debate over whether governments should utilize the death penalty continue today.
The first significant movement to abolish the death penalty began during the era known as the Age of Enlightenment. In 1764 Italian jurist and philosopher Cesare Beccaria published An Essay on Crimes and Punishments. Many consider this influential work the leading document in the early campaign against capital punishment. Other individuals who ca
A. death penalty had been carried out before government came into being
B. people thought it was right for the government to conduct executions
C. death penalty was practiced scarcely in European countries
D. many people considered capital punishment unjust and cruel

[单项选择]Sometimes opponents of capital punishment horrify with tales of lingering death on the gallows, of faulty electric chairs, or of agony in the gas chamber. Partly in response to such protests, several states such as North Carolina and Texas switched to execution by lethal injection. The condemned person is put to death painlessly, without ropes, voltage, bullets, or gas. Did this answer the objections of death penalty opponents Of course not. On June 22, 1984, The New York Times published an editorial that sarcastically attacked the new "hygienic" method of death by injection, and stated that "execution can never be made humane through science." So it’s not the method that really troubles opponents. It’s the death itself they consider barbaric.
Admittedly, capital punishment is not a pleasant topic. However, one does not have to like the death penalty in order to support it any more than one must like radical surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy in order to find necessary these atte
A. No one was ever executed there later on.
B. The criminal there was put to death in the gas chamber instead.
C. Life of the condemned person there was terminated with a shot of drug.
D. The murderer there was punished with life imprisonment instea

[填空题]Laws concerning discrimination, capital punishment, sexual behavior, and the conditions under which individuals may be held _______ (依法为…负责) their actions are influenced by psychological theories and research.

[单项选择]Capital punishment was (abolished) some years ago in some states of the U. S.
A. created
B. decorated
C. improved
D. eliminated