[单项选择]

FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce

The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday.
More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.
The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.
This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets.
The FDA guidelines identified "the major source of contamination" for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
"We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail wo
A. had won enough support from the growers
B. had been written with enough attention to details
C. would surely be carried out
D. included state-of-the-art technology

[单项选择]
The biggest food safety risk for fresh fruits and vegetables as they are grown, picked or processed comes from human and animal waste, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said Friday.
More than 9,000 Americans die each year from food-borne diseases and some scientists believe fresh produce is the biggest carrier of contamination.
The FDA issued a set of draft guidelines for US and foreign growers to carefully monitor worker hygiene, water quality, manure management and transportation.
This 34-page draft guidelines urged growers to give workers lessons on basic hygiene such as using soap to wash their hands, covering wounds that could come into contact with produce, and using only clean toilets.
The FDA guidelines identified "the major source of contamination" for fresh produce as human or animal feces.
"We think just proper controls and proper attention to detail wo
A. which people get by eating fruits and vegetables which have been polluted
B. which people get by eating too many kinds of food
C. which many kinds of fruit get when polluted by feces
D. which fruit-growers get by their failure to keep themselves clean

[单项选择]

Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. All the international health community needs now is a human vaccine for the bird flu pandemic sweeping a cluster of Asian countries.
The race for a vaccine began after the first human case emerged in Hong Kong in 1997. Backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), three research teams in the US and UK are trying to create a seed virus for a new vaccine. Their task is formidable, but researchers remain optimistic." There are obstacles, but most of the obstacles have been treated sensibly," says Richard Webby, a virologist at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.
The biggest challenge is likely to be the rapidly mutating virus. Candidate vaccines produced last year against the H5N1 virus are ineffective against this year’s strain. Scientists will have to constantly monitor the changes and try to tailor the vaccine as the vi
A. flinch from their work
B. hesitate and feel perplexed
C. carry on their research
D. abandon their research

[单项选择]The author of the book On the Human Animal was not at all dubious of the disastrous future of human’s life in that respect.
A. ambiguous
B. doubtful
C. assured
D. confident

[名词解释]FDA

[填空题]human

[多项选择]
Briefly, animal communication is any behavior on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behavior of another animal. The most obvious form of communication is vocalization. It plays an essential role in many tasks, from mating rituals to warning of danger; from conveying the location of food sources to social learning. Probably the most striking of these involves warning signals. The survival value of warning other species members of the presence of predators and facilitating their escape is obvious. They can also adopt different tactics to cope with the threat, for example gathering into a group to ward off attack.
Question: Using information from the reading and the lecture, explain how meerkats vary their alarm signal when facing with the attacks from different predators.
Now hear a talk on the same subject.

[单项选择]Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events, anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can be credited with conscious processing.
Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun’s position in the sky, and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 perc