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Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, the
A. a fail in the value of real wages would lead to a withdrawal of the labor from market of labor.
B. a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead to a withdrawal from the labor
C. the supply of labor is not a function of real wages
D. the demand of labor is only for a minimum money-wages

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[单项选择]Let us assume, for the moment, that labor m not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, their argu
A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor
B. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor
C. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wage
D. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages

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Let us assume, for the moment, that labor is not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would involve no significant change in their theory. But this is not so. For if the supply of labor is not a function of real wages as its sole variable, the
A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor
B. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor
C. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wage
D. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages

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Passage 1

Let us assume, for the moment, that labor m not prepared to work for a lower money-wage and that a reduction in the existing level of money-wages would lead, through strikes or otherwise, to a withdrawal from the labor market of labor which is now employed. Does it follow from this that the existing level of real wages accurately measures the marginal disutility of labor Not necessarily. For, although a reduction in the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor, it does not follow that a fall in the value of the existing money-wage in terms of wage-goods would do so, if it were due to a rise in the price of the latter. In other words, it may be the case that within a certain range the demand of labor is for a minimum money-wage and not for a minimum real wage. The classical school has tacitly assumed that this would
A. a fall in the value of the existing money-wage would lead to a withdrawal of labor
B. a rise in the price of wage-goods would lead to a withdrawal of labor
C. the demand of labor is for a rise of existing money-wage
D. the demand of labor is for reduction in the value of real wages

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[单项选择]Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.
A. litotes
B. apophasis
C. contrast
D. irony

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[单项选择]Text 3

Let us ask what were the preparation and training Abraham Lincoln had for oratory, whether political or forensic.
Born in rude and abject poverty, he never had any education, except what he gave himself, till he was approaching manhood. Not even books wherewith to inform and train his mind were within his reach. No school, no university, no legal faculty had any part in training his powers. When he became a lawyer and a politician, the years most favourable to continuous study had already passed, and the opportunities he found for reading were very scanty. He knew but few authors in general literature, though he knew those few thoroughly. He taught himself a little mathematics, but he could read no language save his own, and can have had only the faintest acquaintance with European history or with any branch of philosophy.
The wa
A. a failure because of his ignorance
B. a man who triumphed over his disadvantages
C. an exceptionally successful and well-educated person
D. an illiterate man, but with some natural talents

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