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California一A Land of Variety and Contrast
California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature,sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders.Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield,for instance,can visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain,the fertile San Joaquin Valley,the arid Mojave Desert,and the high Sierra Nevada,all within a radius of about 100 miles. In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day,without having to travel long distance.
Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States(outside Alaska)is in California,and so is the lowest point(including Alaska).Mount Whitney,14,494 feet above sea level,is separated from Death Valley,282 feet below sea level,by a distance of only 100 miles. The two areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles.
California has deep,clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe,the deepest in the country,but it also has shallow,salty desert lakes.It has Lake Tulainyo,12,020 feet above sea level,and the lowest lake in the country,the Salton Sea,236 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes,like Owens Lake in Death Valley,are not lakes at all:they are dried up lake beds.
In addition to mountains,lakes,valleys,deserts,and plateaus,California has its Pacific coastline,stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.
Which statement best demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?
A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.
B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.
C.Sierra Nevada,San Joaquin Valley,Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radius of about 100 miles.
D.Owens Lake,in Death Valley,is not really a lake at all.
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A Sunshade(遮阳伞)for the Planet
Even with the best will in the world,reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming. It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions, the uncertainties in our climate models still leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. At the same time,resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.
Fortunately,if the worst comes to the worst,scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing these options for fear of inviting a sense of complacency that might thwart efforts to tackle the root of the problem. Until now,that is a growing number of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale"geoengineering"projects that might be used to counteract global warming."I use the analogy of methadone,"says Stephen Schneider,a climate researcher at Stanford University in California who was among the first to draw attention to global warming."If you have a heroin addict,the correct treatment is hospitalization,and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse,methadone is better than heroin."
Basically the idea is to apply"sunscreen"to the whole planet. One astronomer has come up with a radical plan to cool Earth:launch trillions of feather-light discs into space,where they would form a vast cloud that would block the sun's rays.It's controversial,but recent studies suggest there are ways to deflect just enough of the sunlight reaching the Earth's surface to counteract the warming produced by the greenhouse effect. Global climate models show that blocking just 1.8 percent of the incident energy in the sun's rays would cancel out the warming effects produced by a doubling of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.That could be crucial,because even the most severe emissions control measures being proposed would leave us with a doubling of carbon dioxide by the end of this century,and that would last for at least a century more.
Scientists resist talking about their options because they don't want people to______.
A.know what they are doing
B.feel their efforts are useless
C.think the problem has been solved
D.see the real problem