[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

IQ-Gene

In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene",you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early一and still score at Princeton-caliber levels.The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six countries around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white.Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6.Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent.The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intelligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on chromosome,as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt." What does Feinberg mean by saying"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt"?
A.He would consider them while eating his meals.
B.He definitely believes the findings.
C.He would consider them while shopping for salt.
D.He doubts the findings very much.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇

IQ-Gene

In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from parents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene",you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years early一and still score at Princeton-caliber levels.The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin, "the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six countries around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white.Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6.Of the 37 land marks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group—32 percent versus 16 percent.The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Africans. Similarly, Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that emphasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks geneticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intelligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on chromosome,as the researchers did, and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might reflect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt." Plomin's IQ-gene study is similar to the chopsticks gene finding in that_______.
A.there may not be a causal link between gene and intelligence
B.there is close correlation between gene and intelligence
C.there may be a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children's academic score
D.there is not a close relation between chopsticks flexibility and children's academic score

[不定项选择题]共用题干 IQ-gene
In the angry debate over how much of IQ comes from the genes that children inherit from par-ents and how much comes from experiences,one little fact gets overlooked:no one has identified any genes(other than those that cause retardation)that affect intelligence.So researchers led by Robert Plomin of London's Institute of Psychiatry decided to look for some.They figured that if you want to find a"smart gene,"you should look in smart kids.They therefore examined the DNA of students like those who are so bright that they take college entrance exams four years ear-ly-and still score at Princeton-caliber levels. The scientists found what they sought."We have,"says Plomin,"the first specific gene ever associated with general intelligence."
Plomin's colleagues drew blood from two groups of 51 children each,all 6 to 15 years old and living in six counties around Cleveland.In one group,the average IQ is 103.All the children are white .Isolating the blood cells,the researchers then examined each child's chromosome 6 .Of the
37 landmarks on chromosome 6 that the researchers looked for,one jumped out:a form of gene called IGF2R occurred in twice as many children in the high-IQ group as in the average group-32 percent versus 16 percent. The study,in the May issue of the journal Psychological Science, concludes that it is this form of the IGF2R gene that contributes to intelligence.
Some geneticists see major problems with the IQ-gene study.One is the possibility that Plomin's group fell for"chopsticks fallacy".Geneticists might think they've found a gene for chopsticks flexibility,but all they've really found is a gene more common in Asians than,say,Af-ricans.Similarly,Plomin's IQ gene might simply be one that is more common in groups that em-phasize academic achievement."What is the gene that they've found reflects ethnicity?"asks ge-neticist Andrew Feinberg of Johns Hopkins University."That alone might explain the link to intel-ligence,since IQ tests are known for being culturally sensitive and affected by a child's environ-ment."And Neil Risch of Standford University points out that if you look for 37 genes on a chro- mosome,as the researchers did,and find that one is more common in smarter kids,that might re- flect pure chance rather than a causal link between the gene and intelligence.Warns Feinberg:"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt." What does Feinberg mean by saying"I would take these findings with a whole box of salt"?
A.He doubts the findings very much.
B.He would consider them while shopping for salt.
C.He definitely believes the findings.
D.He would consider them while eating his meals.

[不定项选择题]共用题干 第一篇
Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about.the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal,intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic（身体动觉的）,and naturalistic. Gardner thinks that his theory has a______.
A.musical foundation
B.biological foundation
C.intrapersonal foundation
D.linguistic foundation