[单选题]Text 2 In 1946,a 23-year-old Army veteran named John Goodenough headed to the University of Chicago with a dream of studying physics.When he arrived,a professor warned him that he was already too old to succeed in the field.But Dr.Goodenough ignored the professor's advice and today,at 94,has just set the tech industry abuzz with his blazing creativity.He and his team at the University of Texas at Austin filed a patent application on a new kind of battery that,if it works as promised,would be so cheap,lightweight and safe that it would revolutionize electric cars and kill off petroleum-fueled vehicles.We tend to assume that creativity fades with age.But Dr.Goodenough's story suggests that some people actually become more creative as they grow older.A 2016 Information Technology and Innovation Foundation study found that inventors peak in their late 40s and tend to be highly productive in the last half of their careers.Similarly,professors at the Georgia Institute of Technology,who studied data about patent holders,found that,in the United States,the average inventor sends in his or her application to the patent office at age 47,and that the highest-value patents ofien come from the oldest inventors-those over the age of 55.John P.Walsh,one of the professors,joked that the Patent Office should give a"senior discount"since"there's clear evidence that people with seniority are making important contributions to invention."A study ofNobel physics laureates found that,since the 1980s,they bave made their discoveries,on average,at age 50.The peak of creativity for Nobel winners is getting higher every year.For many years,oddsmakers have predicted that Dr.Goodenough would win the Nobel Prize,but so far the call from Stockholm has not come.You might call him the Susan Lucci of chemistry.If he finally does prevail,he could be the oldest person ever to receive the Nobel.The more I talked to Dr.Goodenough,the more I wondered if his brilliance was directly tied to his age.After all,he has been thinking about energy problems longer than just about anyone else on the planet.When I asked him about his late-life success,he said:"Some of us are turtles;we crawl and struggle along,and we haven't maybe figured it out by the time we're 30.But the turtles have to keep on walking."30.The attitude of the author toward relation between success and age is
A.biased.
B.objective.
C.compromised.
D.ambiguous.

[单选题]Text 4 As the nation experiences one of the worst flu seasons in years,thousands of Americans have already died from influenza,according to the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Though the season peaked in February,the CDC recently warned that we should prepare for a second wave of cases to hit before we emerge from the season entirely.Now,it appears more than 50,000 could die from the flu before the season ends.Perhaps most troubling is that this year marks a century since the deadliest viral outbreak in human history,which claimed the lives of 670,000 American men,women and children and as many as 50 to 100 million people worldwide.Among the lessons medical researchers gleaned from the catastrophic event is the critical importance of getting vaccinated.It's a lesson that much of the public continues to ignore,even as our scientific understanding of communicable diseases continues to grow.-The strain in tlus flu season,H3N2,is particularly nasty.It's similar to the HINl strain that set off the 1918 influenza pandemic,and it has resulted in high rates of death,particularly among the elderly.Researchers have struggled to create effective vaccines for the H3N2 strain;this year's flu vaccine is only about 36 percent effective at protecting against the virus,compared to an average of 45 percent over the past seven years.Nonetheless,it does provide some protection,and the unvaccinated are hit much harder without it.Earlier this year,a healthy young man from Pittsburgh did not get vaccinated and died soon afier getting the flu.While low vaccine efficacy means that those who get vaccinated can still contract the flu,it remains common sense and good civic behavior to get vaccinated.As a result of herd immunity,even low efficacy vaccines are enough to curb a pandemic from happening if vaccination rates are high.Flu vaccines did not exist during the pandemic of 1918,which is why it was so deadly.Yet year after year few Americans bother to get vaccinated.In economic terms,the herd immunity benefits of vaccination are a"public good."If I am vaccinated,I cannot exclude anyone from the herd immunity that I now offer.Similarly,someone enjoying my herd immunity does not diminish someone else's ability to enjoy my herd immunity.What typically happens when a public good like the flu vaccine is available is that many,perhaps most,people underinvest.They free ride off other people who get the vaccine.If too many people opt out of vaccination,communities become wlnerable to flu epidemics.According to the CDC,only 38 percent of the population chose to get vaccinated as ofNovember 2017.Low rates ofvaccination are particularly dangerous for children and the elderly,who are especially susceptible to influenza.As individuals,we have veU little control over the strain of the flu that emerges in a given year,or the efficacy of a vaccine,but we do have complete control over whether we get vaccinated.The public's response to a bad fiu outbreak or to low vaccine efficacy should be an increase in flu vaccinations,not a decrease.39.The author implies in the last paragraph that faced with a bad flu outbreak,
A.the public should try to enhance the efficacy of a vaccine.
B.effective vaccines should be used to control over it.
C.the public should make a quicker response to it.
D.emphasis should be laid more on vaccination than a vaccine efficacy.

[单选题]Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys,people are actually more stressed at home than at work.Researchers measured people’s cortisol,which is a stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom,we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home”,writes one of the researchers,Sarah Damske.In fact women even say they feel better at work,she notes.“It is men,not women,who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that findings hold true for both those with children and without,but more so for nonparents.This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they’re at home,whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.For many men,the end of the workday is a time to kick back.For women who stay home,they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.With the blurring of roles,and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women,it’s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it’s not just a gender thing.At work,people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing:working,making money,doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income.The bargain is very pure:Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front,however,people have no such clarity.Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out.There are a lot of tasks to be done,there are inadequate rewards for most of them.Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor;they need to be talked into it,or if they’re teenagers,threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices.Plus,they’re your family.You cannot fire your family.You never really get to go home from home.So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.Not only are the tasks apparently infinite,the co-workers are much harder to motivate. The word“moola”（Line 4,Para.4）most probably means_____
A.energy
B.skills
C.earnings
D.nutrition

[单选题]Text 2 A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and 7million people arrived while about 2 million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide newcomers into two categories:legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don't need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home healthcare aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them.They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes,including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system. “Birds of passage”refers to those who____
A.immigrate across the Atlantic
B.leave their home countries for good
C.stay in a foreign temporarily
D.find permanent jobs overseas

[单选题]Text 3 At first glance the patriarchy appears to be thriving.More than 90%of presidents and prime ministers are male,as are nearly all big corporate bosses.Men dominate finance,technology,films,sports,music and even stand-up comedy.In much of the world they still enjoy social and legal privileges simply because they have a Y chromosome.So it might seem odd to worry about the plight of men.Yet there is plenty of cause for concern.Men cluster at the bottom as well as the top.They are far more likely than women to be jailed,estranged from their children,or to kill themselves.They eam fewer university degrees than women.Boys in the developed world are 50%more likely to flunk basic maths,reading and science entirely.What can be done?Part of the solution lies in a change in cultural attitudes.Over the past generation,middte-class men have leamed that they need to help with child care,and have changed their behaviour.Working-class men need to catch up.Women have learned that they can be SUfgeons and physicists without losing their femininity.Men need to understand that traditional manual jobs arc not coming back,and that they can be nurses or hairdressers without losing their masculinity.Policymakers also need to lend a hand,because foolish laws are making the problem worse.America reduces the supply of marriageable men by locking up millions of young males for non-violent offences and then making it hard for them to find work when they get out（in Georgia,for example,felons are barred from feeding pigs,fighting fires or working in funeral homes）.A number of rich countries discourage poor people from marrying or cohabiting by cutting their benefits ifthey do.More generally,schools need to become more boy-friendly.They should recognise that boys like to rush around more than girls do:it's better to give them lots of organised sports and energy-eating games than to dose them with Ritalin or tell them off for fidgeting.They need to provide more male role models:employing more male teachers in primary schools will both supply boys with a male to whom they can relate and demonstrate that men can be teachers as well as firefighters.The growing equality of the sexes is one of the biggest achievements of the post-war era:people have greater opportunities than ever before to achieve their ambitions regardless of their gender.But some men have failed to cope with this new world.It is time to give them a hand. In what way can man change in attitude?
A.Way of thinking.
B.Moral bottom line.
C.Cultural difference.
D.Manners of working.