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Coming Soon to a Theater Near You!
What are special effects?Do you enjoy movies that use a lot of special effects Dinosaurs（恐 龙）from the distant past!Space battles from the distant future!There has been a revolution in special effects,and it has transformed the movies we see.
The revolution began in the mid 1970s with George Lucas's Star Wars,a film that stunned （使震惊）audiences. That revolution continues to the present,with dramatic changes in special-effects technology.The company behind these changes is Lucas's Industrial Light&Magic (ILM).And the man behind the company is Dennis Muren,who has worked with Lucas since Star Wars.
Muren's interest in special effects began very early.At the age of 6,he was photographing toy dinosaurs and spaceships.At10,he had an 8 millimeter movie camera and was making these things move through stop-motion.(Stop-motion is a process in which objects are shot with a camera,moved slightly,shot again,and so on .When the shots are put together,the objects appear to move.)
Talk to Muren and you'll understand what ILM is all about:taking on new challenges.By 1989,Muren decided he had pushed the old technology as far as it would go.
He saw computer graphics（图像）( CG ) technology as the wave of the future and took a year off to master it.
With CG technology,images can be scanned into a computer for processing,for example, and many separate shots can be combined into a single image.CG technology has now reached the point,Muren says,where special effects can be used to do just about anything so that movies can tell stories better than ever before. The huge success of Jurassic Park and its sequel（续集）,The Lost World,the stars of which were computer-generated dinosaurs,suggests that this may very well be true.
Today's film makers emphasize special effects at the expense of the story.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned
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Clone Farm
Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production .Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to"clone"chickens on a massive scale.Once a chicken with desirable traits has been bred or genetically engineered,tens of thousands of eggs,which will hatch into identical copies,could roll off the production lines every hour. Billions of clones could be produced each year to supply chicken farms with birds that all grow at the same rate,have the same amount of meat and taste the same.
This,at least,is the vision of the US's National Institute of Science and Technology,which has given Origen Therapeutics of Burlingame,California,and Embrex of North Carolina $4 .7 million to help fund research.The prospect has alarmed animal welfare groups,who fear it could increase the suffering of farm birds.
That's unlikely to put off the poultry industry,however,which wants disease-resistant birds that grow faster on less food."Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,"says Mike Fitzgerald of Origen.To meet this demand,Origen aims to"create an animal that is effectively a clone",he says.Normal cloning doesn't work in birds because eggs can't be removed and implanted.Instead,the company is trying to bulk-grow embryonic stem cells taken from fertilized eggs as soon as they're laid."The trick is to culture the cells without them starting to distinguish,so they remain pluripotent,"says Fitzgerald.
Using a long-established technique,these donor cells will then be injected into the embryo of a freshly laid,fertilized recipient egg,forming a chick that is a"chimera".Strictly speaking a chimera isn't a clone,because it contains cells from both donor and recipient. But Fitzgerald says it will be enough if,say,95 percent of a chicken's body develops from donor cells."In the poultry world,it doesn't matter if it's not 100 percent."he says.
Another challenge for Origen is to scale up production .To do this,it has teamed up with Embrex,which produces machines that can inject vaccines into up to 50,000 eggs an hour. Embrex is now trying to modify the machines to locate the embryo and inject the cells into precisely the right spot without killing it.
In future,Origen imagines freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken.If orders come in for a particular strain,millions of eggs could be produced in months or even weeks.At present, maintaining all the varieties the market might call for is too expensive for breeders and it takes years to bread enough chickens to produce the billions of eggs that farmers need.
The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that______.
A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only
B.Origen can supply all the strains of chicken the market might need
C.chicken farmers order certain strains of chicken for economic reasons
D.chicken farmers can be supplied with whatever strain they need
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Caribbean Islands
What would you see if you took a cruise to the Caribbean Islands?Palm trees and
coconuts（椰子）?White beaches and clear, blue ocean? Colortul corals（珊瑚）and even
more colorlu!fishes and birds?
You bet.There are thousands of islands in the Caribbean Sea,They are famous for
their warm,tropical climate and great natural beauty.
The Caribbean Islands form a chain that separates the Caribbean Sea from the rest of
the Atlantic Ocean._________(1)Many of the islands were formed by the eruption
（爆发）of ancient volcanoes（火山）.Others are low-lying coral islands that gradually rose
from the ocean.
The Caribbean Islands are known by several names.__________(2)The explorer
Christopher Columbus called the islands the Indies in 1492 because he thought he was near
the coast of India.Later,Spain and France called the islands the Antilles.
There are four large islands in the Caribbean Sea.________(3)These four
islands are often called the Greater Antilles.Together,they account for about 90 percent of
the land area of the Caribbean Islands.
The rest of the Caribbean Islands are much smaller.______(4)You can see
why pirates such as the famous Blackbeard sailed these waters.There are countless small
islands to bury treasure or hide on.
The weather of the Caribbean Sea is almost always warm and sunny.Sandy beaches
line the coasts of many islands.__________(5)Many tourists arrive on cruise
ships.
________（4）
A.But life on the Caribbean Islands is not always paradise.
B.The earliest name used by Europeans is the Indies,later changed to the West Indies.
C.They're like a long necklace that stretches between North and South America.
D.They are Cuba,Puerto Rico,Jamaica,and Hispaniola.
E.This is why millions of tourists visit the islands each year.
F.Some of these islands are no more than tiny slivers（小片）of exposed coral.
