Early intelligence tests were not without their critics. Many enduring concerns were first raised by the influential journalist Walter Lippman, in a series of published debates with Lewis Terman, of Stanford University, the father of IQ testing in America. Lippman pointed out the superficiality of the questions, their possible cultural biases, and the risks of trying to determine a person’s intellectual potential with a brief oral or paper-and-pencil measure.
Perhaps surprisingly, the conceptualization of intelligence did not advance much in the decades following Terman’s pioneering contributions. Intelligence tests came to be seen, rightly or wrongly, as primarily a tool for selecting people to fill academic or vocational niches. In one of the most famous -- if irritating -- remarks about intelligence testing, the influential Harvard psychologist E. G. Boring declared, "intelligence is what the tests test." So long as these tests did what they were
A. There does exist the "heritability" of psychometric intelligence.
B. It's difficult to predict someone's score on an intelligence test.
C. The IQs of identical twins are the same as the IQs of fraternal twins.
D. The IQs of biologically related people live closer in the later years of lif
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