Passage 1
At no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’ s estimated that more than two thirds of the word’ s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water--will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.
Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world’ s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury
London is a good example. It was the world’ s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world&rsquo
A. the London citizens
B. those who commute to London from other places
C. managers who are anxious about their staff getting to work
D. passengers who make complaints
Passage 1
At no time in history has there been such a mass movement of people from countryside to city as is happening now. By the year 2030, it’ s estimated that more than two thirds of the word’ s population will be living in cities, twice as many as today. This means that the problems faced by cities to day-overcrowding, poor housing, unemployment, poverty, and lack of food water--will be twice as had in the next century, unless we find solutions soon.
Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world’ s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury
London is a good example. It was the world’ s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world&rsquo
A. overpopulation causes the problems in cities
B. two-thirds of the world' s population are living in cities today
C. it isn' t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities today
D. with fewer people, we would be free from any problems
Passage Four
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on makin
A. are directly related to pleasure
B. will meet their physical needs
C. will bring them a feeling of success
D. will satisfy their curiosity
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