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Linguists have been able to follow the formation of a new language in Nicaragua. The catch is that it is not a spoken language but, rather, a sign language which arose spontaneously in deaf children.
The Nicaraguan Sign Language (NSL) emerged in the late 1970s, at a new school for deaf children. Initially the children were instructed by teachers who could hear. No one taught them how to sign; they simply worked it out for themselves. By conducting experiments on people who attended the school at various points in its history, Dr. Senghas has shown how NSL has become more sophisticated over time. For example, concepts that an older signer uses a single sign for, such as rolling and falling, have been unpacked into separate signs by youngsters.
Early users, too, did not develop a way of distinguishing left from right. Dr. Senghas showed this by asking signers of different ages to converse about a set of photographs that each could see. One sign
A. a non-verbal language created by deaf children.
B. an artificial language used by people in Nicaragua.
C. a language invented by teachers who teach the deaf.
D. a language described and modified by deliberate linguists
The 1990s have been designated the Decade Against Drug Abuse by the United Nations. But, (1) less than three years to go before the end of the decade, governments and health organizations (2) that they have made (3) progress in reducing drug, alcohol and tobacco abuse. Today, consumption of all these substances is increasingly steadily worldwide. (4) every country now has problems with (5) drugs. And the world is producing and consuming more alcohol and tobacco than ever. Between 1970 and 1990 beer production (6) rose by over 80 per cent. And, (7) the number of smokers keeps on (8) ,by the second or third (9) of the next century there could be 10 million deaths each year (10) smoking related illnesses.
Drugs are also a huge burden (11) the world economy. In the United States, for example, it’s estimated that alcohol and illegal drug use costs the country tens of billions of dollars each yea
A. more
B. less
C. little
D. great
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