During the past years, intelligent technology has evolved (116) three generations. The first was characterized by tools such as prolog and OPS. prolog is a simple backward-chaining environment, and OPS is a simple forward-chaining environment. This led to the second generation of knowledge-engineering environments. Its goal was to model, prototype and construct (117) systems.
All three generations were oriented toward generic (118) and represented generalized implementation environments for the construction of expert systems. knowledge bases and AI applications.Some of the solution-oriented products are also seamlessly integrated with generic knowledge-engineering environments, permitting end users to add (119) rules and objects, as well as predefined knowledge-based logic to address problems in manufacturing simulation.Marketplace orientation is rapidly (120) toward solution-oriented intelligent product environments. the fourth generat
A. custom
B. knowledge
C. through
D. problemsolving
During the past 15 years, the most important component of executive pay packages, and the one most responsible for the large increase in the level of such compensation, has been stock-option grants. The increased use of option grants was justified as a way to align executives’ interests with shareholders’. For various tax, accounting, and regulatory reasons, stock-option grants have largely comprised "at-the-money options": fights to purchase shares at an "exercise price" equal to the company’s stock price on the grant date. In such at-the-money options, the selection of the grant date for awarding options determines the options’ exercise price and thus can have a significant effect on their value.
Earlier research by financial economists on backdating practices focused on the extent to which the company’s stock price went up abnormally after the grant date. My colleagues and I focused instead on how a grant-date’s p
A. 1150 CEOs have benefited financially from lucky grants.
B. more than 850 CEOs owe their success to mere luck.
C. opportunistic timing can provide unfair financial rewards.
D. lucky grants are widely spread over various industries.
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