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At the end of the 19th century, Austrian physician and neurologist (神经病学家) Sigmund Freud developed a new theory that explained psychology. Freud argued that the mind had deep emotional desires hidden from consciousness. He termed the mental storehouse of hidden desire the unconscious. He claimed that the unconscious was a place of irrational (不合理的), often sexual and aggressive, desires. It was, he believed, also the source of human volition (意志；意志力) and will.
The unconscious was a revolutionary idea, inl9th-century psychology, which commonly asserted that the individual was an entirely rational, self-conscious being. Freud suggested that because the unconscious was the source of human will, truly rational individual behavior was impossible unless the individual came to understand the unconscious wellsprings of behavior. Freud developed psychoanalysis (精神分析学), a method of exploring the unconscious that relied on the analysis of dreams and other irrational phenomena, such a
A. unless the individual came to understand the unconscious sources of behavior
B. unless the individual came to understand the unconscious understanding of behavior
C. unless the individual came to understand the unconscious reason of behavior
D. unless the individual came to understand the unconscious effect of behavior

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At the end of the 19th century, Austrian physician and neurologist (神经病学家) Sigmund Freud developed a new theory that explained psychology. Freud argued that the mind had deep emotional desires hidden from consciousness. He termed the mental storehouse of hidden desire the unconscious. He claimed that the unconscious was a place of irrational (不合理的), often sexual and aggressive, desires. It was, he believed, also the source of human volition (意志；意志力) and will.
The unconscious was a revolutionary idea, inl9th-century psychology, which commonly asserted that the individual was an entirely rational, self-conscious being. Freud suggested that because the unconscious was the source of human will, truly rational individual behavior was impossible unless the individual came to understand the unconscious wellsprings of behavior. Freud developed psychoanalysis (精神分析学), a method of exploring the unconscious that relied on the analysis of dreams and other irrational phenomena, such a
A. What is the psychology
B. Who is Sigmund Freud
C. Sigmund Freud and his Psychology theory.
D. Unconscious was the source of human will.

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[填空题]By the end of the 19th century people had shown enormous enthusiasm for ______.

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[单项选择]At the tail end of the 19th century, Friedrich Nietzsche suggested that natural history— which he saw as a war against fear and superstition-ought to be narrated "in such a way that everyone who hears it is irresistibly inspired to strive after spiritual and bodily health and vigour," and he grumbled that artists had yet to discover the right language to do this. "None the less," Nietzsche admitted, "the English have taken admirable steps in the direction of that ideal... the reason is that they [natural history books] are written by their most distinguished scholars—whole, complete and fulfilling natures. "
The English language tradition of nature writing and narrating natural history is gloriously rich, and although it may not make any bold claims to improving health and wellbeing, it does a good job—for readers and the subjects of the writing. Where the insights of field naturalists meet the legacy of poets such as Clare, Wordsworth, Hughes and Heaney, there emerges a languag
A. the 19th century philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche
B. the development of the discipline of natural history
C. the English language tradition of nature writing
D. the style of nature writing and country diaries

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[单项选择]No one writes the 19th century novels about 20th--now 21st-- century American better than Allegra Goodman, whose omniscient narrators and impeccably (完美地) polished storytelling seem borrowed from an era when authors were expected to issue cool moral judgments rather than exorcise (驱除) inner demons. In her first novel, Kaaterskill Falls, Goodman captured the subtle currents beneath the surface of an orthodox Jewish enclave in upstate New York. With her superb new Intuition, she turns her gimlet eye on another tight-knit community: a cancer research lab.
Sandy Glass and Marion Mendelssohn run a lab at the Philpot Institute in Cambridge, Mass., and they are like all of Goodman’s characters, cultured, complex, and vividly drawn. A charming, prosperous doctor, Sandy is "always cheerful, brimming with the irrepressible joy of his own intelligence". Married to a lovely, accomplished academic, he has three lovely, accomplished daughters and lives in a luxurious home, for "appearances we
A. the novel Intuition is all about moral scandal in a research lab
B. characters in the novel are all cultured, complex and vividly drawn
C. cliff cheated and falsified his records
D. the novel has a precise storytelling style

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